Skip to content
Plinth

· Private foundation

The Albert & Judith Goldberg Foundation

Its FY2025 filing reports that it funds preselected organizations and did not take unsolicited requests; check the foundation's own site before ruling it out.

$130k
Granted FY2025still arriving
57
Grants FY2025still arriving
11
States reached
$18k
Largest
01What you fund
0192% classified

What you funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year — across FY20172025.

Health$380kArts & Culture$214kReligion$107kCivil Rights$62kHuman Services$52kEducation$48kAnimals$47kInternational$29kOther$0
02FY2025 · 57 grants

Where the money goes

Your grants by size, and where they go.

By grant size · FY2025

  • Under $10k54 grants · $87k
  • $10k–50k3 grants · $43k
$1,000
Median grant
11
States reached
$2.1M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
SAN FRANCISCO CENTER FOR PSYCHOANALYSIS$17,500
JEWISH FILM INSTITUTE$15,000
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE SOCIETY OF AMERICA$10,000
Individual grant recipient$7,000
AT THE WELL$5,000
CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS$5,000
WILLISTON NORTHAMPTON SCHOOL$5,000
NATIONAL ABORTION FEDERATION$5,000
TRI COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY$4,000
METROPOLITAN OPERA$4,000
SAN FRANCISCO OPERA$3,000
PLANNED PARENTHOOD NORTHERN CALIFORNIA$2,500
SF MARIN FOOD BANK$2,500
NEW ISRAEL FUND$2,500
AURORA THEATRE$2,000
02The need
03

Do your dollars go where the need is?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, then read against the area’s typical level.

show:

Your human-services grants (FY17–25, $51k) land where the poverty rate runs at 10%, against an area that typically sits at 10%. 100% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of your grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 10%LEVI'S JCC: $3k → 11%LEVI'S JCC: $2k → 11%A HOME WITHIN: $1k → 10%LEVI'S JCC: $2k → 11%A HOME WITHIN: $500 → 10%A HOME WITHIN: $500 → 10%A HOME WITHIN: $500 → 10%A HOME WITHIN: $500 → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $20k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $10k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $5k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $2k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $1k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $1k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $1k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $1k → 10%CHILDREN'S COUNCIL OF SAN FRANCISCO: $250 → 10%CHILD CARE LAW CENTER: $250 → 10%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount

Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty linein the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP; grantee ZIP can differ from where services are delivered.

Which US states your grants reach

WA
MN
IL
NY
MA
PA
CT
RI
CA
CO
TN
NC
DC
AL
GA
FL

US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are actually delivered. Need from public data — U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA — shown as context about the area, never attributed to your giving.

03Your edge
repeat funding

Who you back again

Which organizations you funded more than once, and which you funded a single time. Each grantee is matched to its own filings.

95%of every dollar goes to organizations you’ve funded before.
$963k · 87 repeat orgs$55k to everyone else

And the relationships you keep tend to grow: grantees you re-up on have seen median revenue of +30% since the first grant, against +18% for the ones you funded once.

87 repeat relationships — 46 still active in FY2025, 41 since wound down; 7 grantees were first funded in FY2025 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

87
41

Total granted

$963k
$51k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+30%
+18%

Still filing today

54%
51%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2025, 97% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $4k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
Arts & CultureHealthInternationalEducationCivil RightsHuman ServicesOther

First-time = a grantee’s first year in your filing window; renewed = funded in an earlier year too. As a portfolio matures the renewed share naturally climbs — once funded, an org stays “renewable” — so the signal is the years that buck it (a new-grantee intake wave). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as “new.” Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • SF
    San Francisco Center for Psychoanal
    9× · 2017–2025 · $166k · revenue +8%
  • CC
    Children's Council of San Francisco
    9× · 2017–2025 · $41k · revenue +148%
  • TW
    THE WILLISTON NORTHAMPTON SCHOOL
    8× · 2018–2025 · $30k · revenue +30%

Funded once

  • MG
    MASS GENERAL BRIGHAM INCORPORATED
    one grant, 2017 · $20k
  • TE
    TEMPLE EMANU-EL
    one grant, 2017 · $3k
  • IG
    Individual grant recipient
    one grant, 2022 · $3k

Repeat = funded in two or more distinct years; growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Your field

The map has a center of gravity: the average direction from the rest of the sector toward the organizations the foundation funds — the shape of its giving. Scoring every nonprofit along that direction surfaces the ones that look most like the portfolio. These are the closest matchesthat aren’t grantees — a resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
San Diego Jewish Academy

San Diego Jewish Academy empowers each student to learn for life, guided by Jewish values and rooted in strength of community.

Education
2
Jobs with Justice San Francisco

A long-term, strategic alliance of labor, community, faith-based, and student organizations working together to build greater economic power for workers and community members through employee rights at work and access to good jobs,…

Employment
3
Bar Ilan University in Israel Inc

Biu produces students who excel in the sciences, humanities, law, engineering, business & the arts.

4
The Jewish Museum

The mission of the jewish museum is to collect, preserve, exhibit and interpret art and jewish culture. see schedule o for more information.

Arts & Culture
5
The Bar Association of San Francisco

The bar association of san francisco champions equal access to justice and promotes humanity, excellence, and diversity in the legal profession. we provide legal services to disadvantaged and underserved individuals in san francisco. we…

6
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The mission of mit is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century.

Education
7
Boston Architectural College

The bac is committed to provide excellence in design education grounded in practice and accessible to diverse communities.

8
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Chartered by a unanimous act of congress, the museum is america's national institution for the documentation, study, interpretation, and education of holocaust history and serves as our country's memorial to the victims of the holocaust.…

Arts & Culture
9
American Jewish Committee

AJC's mission is to enhance the wellbeing of the Jewish people and Israel, and to advance human rights and democratic values in the United States and around the world. In pursuit of this mission, AJC advances democratic principles, fights…

Civil Rights
10
Sandler Foundation

The foundation operates exclusively for charitable, educational or religious purposes by conducting or supporting activities for the benefit of, or to carry out the purposes of the jewish community federation of san francisco, the…

Philanthropy
11
Jewish Community Foundation of Los Angeles

We steward $1.5 billion in charitable assets through donor-advised funds, endowments, and other giving vehicles. partnering with 1,400 individuals, families, and organizations, we build enduring legacies and multigenerational impact. in…

Philanthropy
12
Ucsf Foundation Investment Company

The organization provides professional investment management services for endowed gifts and financial assets entrusted to the ucsf foundation.

Education

For reference, the grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco the Peninsula Marin & Sonoma and the most unlike its peers is The Goldin Institute. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.

For each theme you fund, this compares how the sector’s money is shifting with how your own giving is shifting.

← shrinkinggrowing →↓ leaning in → pulling backsteadyPregnancy Support ServicesJewish Community Organizati…Animal Rescue and ShelterOrchestra and Ensemble Perf…Environmental Conservation …Community FoundationsLocal History MuseumsPolicy Research and AdvocacyIndependent K-12 Schools
the sector your giving your giving is ahead of the sector the sector’s ahead of you· dot size = how much the theme matters to each side
Ordered by the change in your giving — leaning in on top, pulling back at the bottom. The bar between the two dots is how out of step you are with the sector. Hover any row for detail.

Sector change and giving change are each shown relative to their own range, growing (right) or shrinking (left); both normalized, so inflation isn’t mistaken for growth.

Your grantees are a median of 37 years old; the field is 14. You back the established end — and your money leans older still.

THE FIELDby orgYOUR GRANTEESby number24%3%<5yr15%1%5–10yr20%13%10–20yr17%33%20–35yr11%25%35–55yr13%25%55yr+
THE FIELDby orgYOUR MONEYby value24%0%<5yr15%0%5–10yr20%7%10–20yr17%17%20–35yr11%39%35–55yr13%37%55yr+

The field is 24% startups (under 5 years old) — 3% of your grantees by number, and just 0% of your money.

Closures · last 5 years

The orgs you fund almost never close 0.0% lost their exemption, against 14% of the field you don’t fund.

orgs you fund
0.0%0/81
the rest of the field
14%
26,003/186,897

Age = years since IRS exemption (a founding proxy). “Closed” = auto-revocation for 3 years of non-filing — a floor on closure, not proof, and bigger established orgs lapse least. Association, not causation.

04the grantee network

78 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2025.

Each one resolved to its own IRS returns and tracked year by year — your grant beside their revenue from every source. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

Counted here: distinct organizations you funded across 20172025, not grant rows in a single year — so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 78 of the 140 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile; the rest are funded organizations whose filings we could not track year by year.

0
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
15
Early backer (in before they grew)
78/78
Grantees still filing
51/78
Grew since you first funded

Where your money sits — by cause, then by grantee

San Francisco Center for Psychoanal — $166,317 · OtherSan Francisco Center for PsychoanalJEWISH GERIATRIC SERVICES — $54,500 · OtherJEWISH GERIATRIC SERVICESTEMPLE BETH-EL — $37,500 · OtherTEMPLE BETH-ELTRI-COUNTY ANIMAL RESCUE — $35,000 · OtherTRI-COUNTY ANIMAL RESCUEHUNTINGTON'S DISEASE SOCIETY OF AMERICA — $31,000 · Other+85 more — $329,975 · Other+85 moreJewish Film Institute — $163,267 · Arts & CultureJewish Film Institut…WEST EDGE OPERA — $8,500 · Arts & CultureSAN FRANCISCO OPERA ASSOCIATION — $7,000 · Arts & Culture+10 more — $12,970 · Arts & Culture+10 moreChildren's Council of San Francisco — $41,000 · Human ServicesADOLPH & ROSE LEVIS JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER INC — $6,300 · Human ServicesA HOME WITHIN INC — $3,000 · Human Services+1 more — $250 · Human ServicesTHE WILLISTON NORTHAMPTON SCHOOL — $30,000 · EducationWILLIAM J BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE INC — $6,000 · EducationPresident and Fellows of Harvard College — $2,000 · EducationTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY — $1,700 · EducationSAN FRANCISCO DAY SCHOOL — $1,450 · Education+3 more — $1,600 · EducationTHE CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS INC — $25,000 · Civil RightsBROOKLYN DEFENDER SERVICES — $5,000 · Civil RightsGLOBAL JUSTICE CENTER — $3,000 · Civil RightsYellowhammer Fund — $3,000 · Civil Rights+2 more — $750 · Civil RightsMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC — $9,000 · InternationalNEW ISRAEL FUND — $7,500 · InternationalAMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR THE WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE INC — $3,800 · InternationalAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL OF THE USA INC — $3,350 · InternationalAMERICAN FRIENDS OF MAGEN DAVID ADOM — $3,000 · InternationalFlutemaker Ministries Inc — $2,000 · InternationalAMERICAN JEWISH WORLD SERVICE INC — $2,000 · InternationalDTWO LTD DBA Awana Digital — $1,500 · InternationalJEWISH COMMUNITY RELATIONS COUNCIL OF GREATER BOSTON INC — $1,500 · International+1 more — $500 · InternationalJOE DIMAGGIO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL FOUNDATION INC — $17,000 · HealthAccess Institute for Psychological Services — $5,750 · HealthRepro TLC — $5,500 · Health+6 more — $2,930 · Health
Other$654,292Arts & Culture$191,737Human Services$50,550Education$42,750Civil Rights$36,750International$34,150Health$31,180

Each org by its size and your share of it — top-left is where you’re load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ your share of their budgetSan Francisco Center for Psychoanal — $166,317 over 9y, 2.8% of budgetJewish Film Institute — $163,267 over 9y, 2.2% of budgetChildren's Council of San Francisco — $41,000 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetTHE WILLISTON NORTHAMPTON SCHOOL — $30,000 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetTHE CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS INC — $25,000 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetNATIONAL ABORTION FEDERATION — $20,500 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetJOE DIMAGGIO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL FOUNDATION INC — $17,000 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetSAN FRANCISCO FOOD BANK — $14,750 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetTRI-COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY — $11,000 over 2y, 0.4% of budgetJEWISH COMMUNITY FEDERATION OF SAN FRANCISCO THE PENINSULA MARIN & SONOMA — $10,000 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetHILLEL ADVISORY COUNCIL OF GREATER LONG BEACH AND WEST ORANGE COUNTY INC — $9,400 over 5y, 0.8% of budgetMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC — $9,000 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetWEST EDGE OPERA — $8,500 over 8y, 0.1% of budgetNEW ISRAEL FUND — $7,500 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetSAN FRANCISCO OPERA ASSOCIATION — $7,000 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetADOLPH & ROSE LEVIS JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER INC — $6,300 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetMOISHE HOUSE — $6,000 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetWILLIAM J BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE INC — $6,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetAccess Institute for Psychological Services — $5,750 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetRepro TLC — $5,500 over 4y, 0.3% of budgetHILLEL HOUSE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASS AT AMHERST — $5,400 over 3y, 0.2% of budgetBROOKLYN DEFENDER SERVICES — $5,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetSAN FRANCISCO SYMPHONY — $4,000 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetACCESS REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE — $4,000 over 3y, 0.1% of budgetAMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR THE WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE INC — $3,800 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL OF THE USA INC — $3,350 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetA HOME WITHIN INC — $3,000 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetGLOBAL JUSTICE CENTER — $3,000 over 4y, 0.1% of budgetAMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA — $3,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetYellowhammer Fund — $3,000 over 3y, 0.1% of budgetAMERICAN FRIENDS OF MAGEN DAVID ADOM — $3,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetGLIDE FOUNDATION — $3,000 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetSAN FRANCISCO JAZZ ORGANIZATION — $2,500 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetOpera Parallle — $2,250 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetBROOKLYN COMMUNITY BAIL FUND INC — $2,250 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetPresident and Fellows of Harvard College — $2,000 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetAMERICAN JEWISH WORLD SERVICE INC — $2,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY — $1,700 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetDTWO LTD DBA Awana Digital — $1,500 over 4y, 0.1% of budgetHILLEL FOUNDATION OF CAMBRIDGE INC — $1,500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetJEWISH COMMUNITY RELATIONS COUNCIL OF GREATER BOSTON INC — $1,500 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetSAN FRANCISCO DAY SCHOOL — $1,450 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetUrban Adamah — $1,250 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetTrustees of Tufts College — $1,250 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetAMERICAN CONSERVATORY THEATRE FOUNDATION — $1,250 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetJEWISH VOCATIONAL SERVICE INC — $1,180 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetNational Children Museum — $1,000 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetCOMMON CAUSE — $1,000 over 1y, 0.0% of budget
Go grantee by grantee — a decade per org, and how each moved after you funded them

A decade per grantee — revenue shaded, your grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds San Francisco Center for Psychoanal
  • Who funds Jewish Film Institute
  • Who funds Children's Council of San Francisco
  • Who funds THE WILLISTON NORTHAMPTON SCHOOL
  • Who funds THE CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS INC
  • Who funds NATIONAL ABORTION FEDERATION
  • Who funds JOE DIMAGGIO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL FOUNDATION INC
  • Who funds SAN FRANCISCO FOOD BANK
  • Who funds TRI-COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY
  • Who funds JEWISH COMMUNITY FEDERATION OF SAN FRANCISCO THE PENINSULA MARIN & SONOMA
  • Who funds HILLEL ADVISORY COUNCIL OF GREATER LONG BEACH AND WEST ORANGE COUNTY INC
  • Who funds MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC
  • Who funds WEST EDGE OPERA
  • Who funds NEW ISRAEL FUND
  • Who funds SAN FRANCISCO OPERA ASSOCIATION
  • Who funds ADOLPH & ROSE LEVIS JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER INC
  • Who funds MOISHE HOUSE
  • Who funds WILLIAM J BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE INC
  • Who funds Access Institute for Psychological Services
  • Who funds Repro TLC
  • Who funds HILLEL HOUSE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASS AT AMHERST

The grantmakers whose grantees overlap with yours far more than size alone predicts. Each orbits closer the stronger the alignment; the arcs between them show where they also fund each other. Here it reads as a tightly interlocked camp — most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco the Peninsula Marin & SonomaCA33.9× affinity16 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco the Peninsula Marin & Sonoma · The San Francisco Foundation · Marin Community Foundation · Horizons Foundation · Silicon Valley Community Foundation · East Bay Community Foundation · Ralph & Marsha Guggenheim Family Foundation · Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston Inc · Koret Foundation · The Laszlo N Tauber Family Foundation Inc · Phyllis C Wattis Foundation · John Pritzker Family Fund

Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. A research starting point: overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

Government reliance of your grantees

Every dot is one organization The Albert & Judith Goldberg Foundation funds. Left–right is the share of its income from government; up–down is the share from you. Bigger dots raise more. Filter to federal, a single department, or state — and drag the year to watch it move.

2024
202122232425
no gov · 120%0%1%3%5%your share of their income ↑0%10%20%30%40%share of the org’s income from governmentmedian 10%
  • Jewish Vocational Service Inc39% of income from government
  • Trustees of Tufts College13% of income from government
  • Children's Hospital Corporation10% of income from government
  • President and Fellows of Harvard College7% of income from government
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc7% of income from government
  • Baystate Health Foundation Inc0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
12get no government money at all
15report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
⤢ axis zoomed · 0–40%
typical government reliance, FY2025

Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending — grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that your grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first — a floor, not a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12–24 months.

05Through Plinth

Warm introductions · Powered by PlinthPlus

How do I get to The Albert & Judith Goldberg Foundation?

Find your warmest path to The Albert & Judith Goldberg Foundation through trustees and officers whose names appear on both boards. Search for your organization and Plinth traces the shortest route it can evidence.

Each link is a name appearing on two organizations’ public IRS 990 filings, matched on that name and, where the filings support it, on location. A same-state match has geographic support, which is a second matching feature rather than confirmation that the two are one person; a cross-state one is the likeliest to be two people who share a name. Every hop shows its tier, low-confidence and distant paths are held back rather than guessed, and it is worth confirming the person before you use the introduction.

On method. Every financial figure here is read directly from IRS e-file XML — your own 990/990-PF and the multi-year returns of the 140 grantees we resolved across every year we hold, several hundred filings in all (a different count from the grant rows on the cover, which are one fiscal year)— each linked to its source. Grantee achievements and outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III); we read these as association with sustained funding — the foundation is one of several forces — suppress low-confidence name matches rather than guess, and say so where a figure rests on a single grant or filing. Not everything on this page is a filed figure, and the difference matters. Filed is what you reported on your return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears. How we build these →

Generated from your IRS Form 990-PF e-file return for fiscal year 2025, released 2025. Filings run roughly 12–24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

More from the funding graph