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· Public charity

Bon Secours Mercy Health Inc

Bon secours mercy health will provide assistance, support and direction to all of the health care institutions and activities operated and maintained by its subsidiaries.

$47M
Granted FY2024still arriving
116
Grants FY2024still arriving
7
States reached
$39M
Largest
01What you fundRead
02The needRead
03Your edgeRead
04Your fieldRead
01What you fund
01100% classified

What you funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year — across FY2017–2024.

Health$54MHuman Services$3.8MEducation$3.2MInternational$1.8MCommunity Improvement$1.6MPhilanthropy$1.3MHousing & Shelter$952kReligion$805kOther$0
02FY2024 · 116 grants

Where the money goes

Your grants by size, and where they go.

By grant size · FY2024

  • Under $10k16 grants · $117k
  • $10k–50k45 grants · $1.0M
  • $50k–250k52 grants · $4.2M
  • $250k+3 grants · $40M
$40,000
Median grant
7
States reached
$14.4B
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
Bon Secours Mercy Health Foundation$39,137,989
Cristo Rey Richmond High School$1,000,000
Health Partners of Western Ohio -- Allen County Health Partners$331,917
Lima Chamber Foundation$200,941
Retail Advancement Fund (InUnison of Central Virginia)$175,000
Southside Community Development and Housing Corporation$150,000
Safe Harbor$149,000
CrossOver Healthcare Ministry$125,000
University of Northwestern Ohio$125,000
YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY$120,000
Feed More Inc$104,000
YMCA of Greater Richmond$100,219
ChildSavers - Memorial Child Guidance Clinic$100,000
The Maggie Walker Community Land Trust$100,000
Shalom Farms$100,000
02The need
03

Do your dollars go where the need is?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, then read against the area’s typical level.

show:

Your human-services grants (FY17–24, $1.9M) land where the poverty rate runs at 16%, against an area that typically sits at 10%. 58% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of your grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 10%Safe Haven Baby Boxes Inc: $10k → 12%Wapakoneta YMCA: $50k → 8%Catholic Charities USA: $50k → 9%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $100k → 19%Water With Blessings: $10k → 15%Riverdale Senior Services: $100k → 28%Wapakoneta YMCA: $50k → 8%Full Circle Grief Center: $28k → 6%Catholic Charities of Eastern Virginia Inc: $7k → 10%Hebron VA Inc: $20k → 11%YMCA of Greater Richmond: $100k → 22%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $100k → 19%Riverdale Senior Services: $40k → 28%Area Congregations Together in Service: $90k → 9%CATHOLIC CHAR OF HAMPTON RDS: $9k → 19%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $100k → 19%Talbert House: $6k → 16%NextUp RVA: $80k → 9%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $44k → 19%Putnam County YMCA: $50k → 7%Senior Connections The Capital Area Agency on Aging: $50k → 22%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $38k → 19%The Bon Secours of Maryland Foundation Inc: $5k → 19%The Young Men's Christian Association of Putnam County Ohio: $20k → 7%Circle Center Adult Day Services: $30k → 9%YWCA Richmond: $65k → 22%Shalom Farms: $100k → 9%St Joseph's Villa: $80k → 9%Heartbeat of Lima: $10k → 13%Black and White Cancer Survivors Foundation: $10k → 16%American Red Cross: $10k → 13%Safe Harbor: $149k → 22%Peter Paul Development Center: $70k → 9%Family Lifeline: $50k → 22%FRIENDS Association for Children: $80k → 22%Commonwealth Catholic Charities: $100k → 9%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount

Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty linein the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP; grantee ZIP can differ from where services are delivered.

Which US states your grants reach

MI
NY
MA
IN
OH
PA
CT
CA
CO
MO
KY
VA
MD
TN
SC
DC
OK
LA
MS
GA
TX
FL

US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are actually delivered. Need from public data — U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA — shown as context about the area, never attributed to your giving.

04

Where the work is directed

The same grants, placed two ways — where each recipient sits, and where its stated purpose earmarks the money.

About 26% of Bon Secours Mercy Health Inc’s grant dollars are earmarked, by their stated purpose, for a different county than the recipient’s own address — money that lands at a nonprofit in one place but is meant to do its work in another. Read by recipient address, 74% of the giving stays in OH; read by stated purpose it is 57% — less of the work is directed home than the recipients' locations suggest.

Bon Secours Mercy Health Inclessmore of its giving
Placed by recipient address · 2.1% directed abroad (not shown)

Recipient view: each grant at its grantee’s ZIP, mapped to a county. Directed view: each grant at the county its stated purpose names, falling back to the recipient’s county when the purpose names no place; US grants only. A county shows only if it carries the top 95% of that view’s dollars. Purposes are read from the foundation’s own 990 grant descriptions.

03Your edge
repeat funding

Who you back again

Which organizations you funded more than once, and which you funded a single time. Each grantee is matched to its own filings.

88%of every dollar goes to organizations you’ve funded before.
$62M · 69 repeat orgs$8.2M to everyone else

69 repeat relationships — 26 still active in FY2024, 43 since wound down; 88 grantees were first funded in FY2024 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

69
95

Total granted

$62M
$2.9M

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+11%
+37%

Still filing today

71%
57%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2024, 88% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $5.3M went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24
HealthHuman ServicesEducationHousing & ShelterCommunity ImprovementPhilanthropyOther

First-time = a grantee’s first year in your filing window; renewed = funded in an earlier year too. As a portfolio matures the renewed share naturally climbs — once funded, an org stays “renewable” — so the signal is the years that buck it (a new-grantee intake wave). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as “new.” Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • BS
    Bon Secours Mercy Health Foundation
    4× · 2020–2024 · $47M · revenue +51% · 45% of their budget
  • HP
    HEALTH PARTNERS OF WESTERN OHIO
    5× · 2020–2024 · $1.7M · revenue +125%
  • LA
    LIMA AREA CHAMBER FOUNDATION
    4× · 2021–2024 · $538k · revenue +16% · 28% of their budget

Funded once

  • BS
    Bon Secours - St Francis Health System Foundation Inc
    one grant, 2017 · $236k · revenue -65%
  • BS
    Bon Secours St Petersburg Home Care Services
    one grant, 2017 · $198k · revenue -69%
  • BS
    BON SECOURS NEW YORK HEALTH SYSTEM INC
    one grant, 2017 · $154k

Repeat = funded in two or more distinct years; growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Your field

The map has a center of gravity: the average direction from the rest of the sector toward the organizations the foundation funds — the shape of its giving. Scoring every nonprofit along that direction surfaces the ones that look most like the portfolio. These are the closest matchesthat aren’t grantees — a resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Bon Secours - Richmond Health System Inc

The mission is to bring compassion to health care and to be good to those in need, especially those who are poor and dying. as a system of caregivers, we commit ourselves to help bring people and communities to health and wholeness.

Health
2
Mercy Health

Mercy Health will provide assistance, support and direction to all of the health care institutions and activities operated and maintained by its Subsidiaries. The mission of Mercy Health in performing these activities shall be to provide a…

—
3
Community Health Center of Richmond Inc

The organization's mission is to sustain a vibrant, healthy and strong community through affordable, culturally competent, quality primary health care.

Health
4
Community Memorial Hospital

To provide excellence in the delivery of healthcare.

Health
5
Bon Secours-Richmond Community Hospital

The mission is to bring compassion to health care and to be good help to those in need, especially those who are poor and dying. As a system of caregivers, we commit ourselves to help bring people and communities to health and wholeness.

—
6
Community Mercy Health Partners

The mission of community mercy health partners is to carry out the bon secours mercy health mission within our community by providing safe, effective, patient/resident centered, timely and cost efficient care and education to meet the…

Health
7
Baptist Health Richmond Inc

To provide quality health care by a team of highly-skilled physicians & staff through nurturing, personalized services.

—
8
Highmark Health

As the parent entity of a blended health organization, highmark health seeks to improve the health and well-being of the people and communities it serves by providing affordable, accessible and high-quality healthcare.

Health
9
Ivna Health Services

The mission is to bring compassion to health care and to be good help to those in need, especially those who are poor and dying. as a system of caregivers, we commit ourselves to help bring people and communities to health and wholeness.

Health
10
Vcu Health Tappahannock Hospital

To deliver important healthcare services with exceptional quality and patient-centered care.

Health
11
Chesapeake Hospital Corporation

The organization operates an acute care general hospital. The hospital has a community based Board of Directors, has an open medical staff, operates an emergency room providing care to all regardless of ability to pay, and provides…

—
12
Bon Secours - St Francis Medical Center Inc

The mission is to bring compassion to health care and to be good help to those in need, especially those who are poor and dying. As a system of caregivers, we commit ourselves to help bring people and communities to health and wholeness.

—

For reference, the grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is United Way of Greater Richmond & Petersburg and the most unlike its peers is Townebank Foundation. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.

For each theme you fund, this compares how the sector’s money is shifting with how your own giving is shifting.

← shrinkinggrowing →↓ leaning in → pulling backsteadyHealth Access Advocacy and …Community FoundationsUnited Way AffiliatesCommunity FoundationsSenior Support ServicesFood Banks and PantriesCancer Support ServicesDomestic Violence ServicesAddiction Recovery ServicesFaith-Based Liberal Arts Co…Child Abuse Advocacy Servic…Community College Foundatio…Pregnancy Support ServicesMilitary Veterans SupportOrchestra and Ensemble Perf…School District Foundations
the sector your giving your giving is ahead of the sector the sector’s ahead of you· dot size = how much the theme matters to each side
Ordered by the change in your giving — leaning in on top, pulling back at the bottom. The bar between the two dots is how out of step you are with the sector. Hover any row for detail.

Sector change and giving change are each shown relative to their own range, growing (right) or shrinking (left); both normalized, so inflation isn’t mistaken for growth.

Your grantees are a median of 38 years old; the field is 19. You back the established end — and your money leans older still.

THE FIELDby orgYOUR GRANTEESby number18%3%<5yr12%6%5–10yr21%21%10–20yr14%17%20–35yr16%30%35–55yr20%23%55yr+
THE FIELDby orgYOUR MONEYby value18%0%<5yr12%2%5–10yr21%79%10–20yr14%6%20–35yr16%6%35–55yr20%7%55yr+

The field is 18% startups (under 5 years old) — 3% of your grantees by number, and just 0% of your money.

Closures · last 5 years

The orgs you fund almost never close — 2% lost their exemption, against 11% of the field you don’t fund.

orgs you fund
2%6/255
the rest of the field
11%
8,034/74,051

Age = years since IRS exemption (a founding proxy). “Closed” = auto-revocation for 3 years of non-filing — a floor on closure, not proof, and bigger established orgs lapse least. Association, not causation.

05the grantee network

197 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each one resolved to its own IRS returns and tracked year by year — your grant beside their revenue from every source. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

Counted here: distinct organizations you funded across 2017–2026, not grant rows in a single year — so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 197 of the 254 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile; the rest are funded organizations whose filings we could not track year by year.

17
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
31
Early backer (in before they grew)
184/197
Grantees still filing
117/197
Grew since you first funded

Where your money sits — by cause, then by grantee

Bon Secours Mercy Health Foundation — $47,083,383 · ReligionBon Secours Mercy Health Foundation+2 more — $87,500 · ReligionCONGREGATION OF BON SECOURS OF PARIS INCORPORATED — $1,370,222 · OtherCONGREGATION OF BO…Sisters of Bon Secours — $1,235,147 · OtherSisters of Bon Sec…LIMA AREA CHAMBER FOUNDATION — $538,403 · OtherPINELLAS COMMUNITY FOUNDATION — $782,231 · OtherPINELLAS COMMUNITY…+109 more — $7,805,458 · Other+109 moreHEALTH PARTNERS OF WESTERN OHIO — $1,708,459 · HealthMercy Neighborhood Ministries Inc — $575,840 · HealthCHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER — $500,000 · HealthRoper St Francis Foundation — $288,250 · HealthMIDWIVES FOR HAITI INC — $270,000 · HealthAmerican Heart Association Inc — $212,125 · Health+25 more — $1,140,192 · HealthCATHOLIC MEDICAL MISSION BOARD INC — $1,525,820 · InternationalAMERICARES FOUNDATION INC — $280,000 · InternationalFriends in Solidarity Inc — $185,000 · InternationalGLOBAL SMILE FOUNDATION INC — $105,000 · International+2 more — $58,009 · InternationalBon Secours Baltimore Community Works Inc — $387,647 · Human ServicesSAFE HARBOR — $149,000 · Human ServicesRIVERDALE SENIOR SERVICES INC — $140,000 · Human ServicesYoung Men's Christian Association of Greater Richmond (6769) — $100,219 · Human ServicesCommonwealth Catholic Charities — $100,000 · Human ServicesSHALOM FARMSINC — $100,000 · Human ServicesWAPAKONETA FAMILY YMCA — $100,000 · Human ServicesAREA CONGREGATIONS TOGETHER IN SERVICE — $90,000 · Human ServicesST JOSEPH'S VILLA — $80,000 · Human ServicesNEXTUP RVA — $80,000 · Human ServicesFRIENDS ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDREN — $80,000 · Human ServicesPETER PAUL DEVELOPMENT CENTER INC — $70,000 · Human Services+14 more — $504,653 · Human ServicesCristo Rey Richmond High School Inc — $1,000,000 · EducationUNIVERSITY OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO — $489,500 · EducationTiffin University — $102,000 · EducationCOMMUNITIES IN SCHOOLS OF CHESTERFIELD — $80,000 · Education+9 more — $295,000 · EducationGREATER LIMA REGION INC — $460,000 · Community ImprovementRETAIL ADVANCEMENT FUND — $175,000 · Community ImprovementHAMPTON ROADS CHAMBER FOUNDATION — $112,950 · Community ImprovementCITYLINK CENTER — $87,500 · Community ImprovementYOUNGSTOWN WARREN REGIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FOUNDATION — $50,000 · Community ImprovementLOCAL INITIATIVES SUPPORT CORPORATION — $50,000 · Community Improvement+2 more — $24,615 · Community Improvement
Religion$47,170,883Other$11,731,461Health$4,694,866International$2,153,829Human Services$1,981,519Education$1,966,500Community Improvement$960,065

Showing your 200 largest grantees by grant value.

Each org by its size and your share of it — top-left is where you’re load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ your share of their budgetBon Secours Mercy Health Foundation — $47,083,383 over 4y, 45% of budgetHEALTH PARTNERS OF WESTERN OHIO — $1,708,459 over 5y, 0.9% of budgetCATHOLIC MEDICAL MISSION BOARD INC — $1,525,820 over 3y, 0.1% of budgetCristo Rey Richmond High School Inc — $1,000,000 over 1y, 11% of budgetPINELLAS COMMUNITY FOUNDATION — $782,231 over 1y, 9.6% of budgetMercy Neighborhood Ministries Inc — $575,840 over 3y, 16% of budgetLIMA AREA CHAMBER FOUNDATION — $538,403 over 4y, 28% of budgetCHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER — $500,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetUNIVERSITY OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO — $489,500 over 4y, 0.5% of budgetGREATER LIMA REGION INC — $460,000 over 5y, 36% of budgetBon Secours Baltimore Community Works Inc — $387,647 over 3y, 3.9% of budgetBon Secours Kentucky Health System Foundation Inc — $386,250 over 3y, 30% of budgetBon Secours Richmond Healthcare Foundation — $385,000 over 3y, 2.2% of budgetUnited Way of Greater Lima Inc — $332,255 over 4y, 8.6% of budgetRoper St Francis Foundation — $288,250 over 2y, 1.1% of budgetAMERICARES FOUNDATION INC — $280,000 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetMIDWIVES FOR HAITI INC — $270,000 over 3y, 14% of budgetSt Francis Hospital Inc — $250,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetBon Secours - St Francis Health System Foundation Inc — $236,250 over 1y, 6.1% of budgetBon Secours Maria Manor Nursing Care Center — $226,889 over 2y, 1.1% of budgetAmerican Heart Association Inc — $212,125 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetBon Secours Maryview Foundation — $210,000 over 2y, 12% of budgetBon Secours St Petersburg Home Care Services — $197,775 over 1y, 5.1% of budgetBon Secours Depaul Health Foundation — $180,000 over 2y, 40% of budgetRETAIL ADVANCEMENT FUND — $175,000 over 1y, 100% of budgetSOUTHSIDE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING CORPORATION — $150,000 over 1y, 2.3% of budgetCHAMPIONS FIELD INC — $150,000 over 3y, 28% of budgetGOOD SAMARITAN FOUNDATION FOR BETTER HEALTH — $149,201 over 2y, 18% of budgetSAFE HARBOR — $149,000 over 1y, 6.3% of budgetRIVERDALE SENIOR SERVICES INC — $140,000 over 2y, 5.2% of budgetTHE CROSS-OVER MINISTRY INC — $125,000 over 1y, 1.0% of budgetArtspace Lima — $114,000 over 3y, 18% of budgetTHE GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL OF LEBANON PENNSYLVANIA — $105,647 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetGLOBAL SMILE FOUNDATION INC — $105,000 over 3y, 5.8% of budgetFEED MORE INC — $104,000 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetTiffin University — $102,000 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetYoung Men's Christian Association of Greater Richmond (6769) — $100,219 over 1y, 0.2% of budgetBon Secours New York Health System Affiliated Group — $100,000 over 1y, 14% of budgetCommonwealth Catholic Charities — $100,000 over 1y, 0.4% of budgetSHALOM FARMSINC — $100,000 over 1y, 6.0% of budgetROPER ST FRANCIS HEALTHCARE — $100,000 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetWAPAKONETA FAMILY YMCA — $100,000 over 2y, 2.2% of budgetTHE MAGGIE WALKER COMMUNITY LAND TRUST — $100,000 over 1y, 1.7% of budgetCHILDSAVERS- MEMORIAL CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC — $100,000 over 1y, 0.9% of budgetSHAWNEE FOOTBALL PARENTS ASSOCIATION — $90,100 over 2y, 23% of budgetSACRED HEART CENTER INC — $90,000 over 1y, 4.0% of budgetAREA CONGREGATIONS TOGETHER IN SERVICE — $90,000 over 1y, 5.5% of budgetCITYLINK CENTER — $87,500 over 2y, 1.9% of budget
Go grantee by grantee — a decade per org, and how each moved after you funded them

A decade per grantee — revenue shaded, your grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

The grantmakers whose grantees overlap with yours far more than size alone predicts. Each orbits closer the stronger the alignment; the arcs between them show where they also fund each other. Here it reads as a tightly interlocked camp — most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Bon Secours - Richmon…The Community Foundat…Richmond Memorial Hea…The Pauley Family Fou…Bon Secours - St Mary…Virginia Nonprofit Ho…Herndon FoundationBon Secours Mercy Hea…United Way of Greater…Shelton H Short Jr Tr…Annabella R Jenkins F…Altria Companies Empl…
Bon Secours - Richmond Health System IncOH97.5× affinity45 shared granteesties to 10 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Bon Secours - Richmond Health System Inc · The Community Foundation Inc · Richmond Memorial Health Foundation · The Pauley Family Foundation · Bon Secours - St Mary's Hospital of Richmond Inc · Virginia Nonprofit Housing Coalition · Herndon Foundation · Bon Secours Mercy Health Foundation · United Way of Greater Richmond & Petersburg · Shelton H Short Jr Trust · Annabella R Jenkins Foundation · Altria Companies Employee Community Fund

Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. A research starting point: overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

Government reliance of your grantees

Every dot is one organization Bon Secours Mercy Health Inc funds. Left–right is the share of its income from government; up–down is the share from you. Bigger dots raise more. Filter to federal or a single department — and drag the year to watch it move.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 30%6%25%56%100%your share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from government →median 3%
  • Feeding South Florida Inc — 5% of income from government
  • Bon Secours Baltimore Community Works Inc — 3% of income from government
  • Americares Foundation Inc — 0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
3get no government money at all
61report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
typical government reliance, FY20–25

Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending — grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that your grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first — a floor, not a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12–24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read directly from IRS e-file XML — your own 990/990-PF and the multi-year returns of the 254 grantees we resolved across every year we hold, several hundred filings in all (a different count from the grant rows on the cover, which are one fiscal year)— each linked to its source. Grantee achievements and outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III); we read these as association with sustained funding — the foundation is one of several forces — suppress low-confidence name matches rather than guess, and say so where a figure rests on a single grant or filing. Not everything on this page is a filed figure, and the difference matters. Filed is what you reported on your return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears. How we build these →

Generated from your IRS Form 990 e-file return for fiscal year 2024, released 2024. Filings run roughly 12–24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

More from the funding graph

The unnamed billions
grants reported with no recipient in the public record
The regranting layer
51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
The DAF merry-go-round
$9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
The camps
funders cluster by geography, not ideology
By state
where grant money is based, and what stays home
State money flows
the interactive map of money crossing state lines