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Walker Area Community Foundation Inc at a glanceMostly funded, not a grantmaker: see who funds it →

· Community foundation

Walker Area Community Foundation Inc

To serve as a nonprofit dedicated to the nurture and advancement of the community through forming and preserving charitable capital, and using the proceeds of that capital to better the community as a whole.

$8.0M
Granted FY2025still arriving
95
Grants FY2025still arriving
4
States reached
$700k
Largest
01What it fundsRead
02The needRead
03Its granteesRead
04Its fieldRead
05Through PlinthRead
01What it funds
01100% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2025.

Human Services$9.2MHealth$4.4MReligion$4.4MEducation$4.0MFood & Nutrition$3.8MCommunity Improvement$2.1MAnimals$1.3MPhilanthropy$1.3MOther$0
02FY2025 · 95 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

By grant size · FY2025

  • Under $10k13 grants · $94k
  • $10k–50k42 grants · $1.0M
  • $50k–250k32 grants · $3.2M
  • $250k+8 grants · $3.6M
$37,600
Median grant
4
States reached
$196M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
UNITEUS INC$700,000
HARTT INC$655,170
RESCUERS UNITED FOR FURBABIES (RUFF)$582,065
THE LINK OF CULLMAN COUNTY$410,000
KING'S HOME$350,000
FRIENDS OF DOWNTOWN JASPER$329,162
ST MARY'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH$303,002
BEVILL STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE$252,000
FREE WILL BAPTIST CHILDREN'S HOME$242,888
BACKYARD BLESSINGS$217,263
SC FOUNDATION$200,000
HOPE HOUSE CHURCH$159,800
WALKER COUNTY COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCY$130,170
WALKER COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY$130,002
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF JASPER$125,000
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY17–25, $8.4M) land where the poverty rate runs at 14%, against an area that typically sits at 11%. 87% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 11%Youth Advocate Programs Inc: $133k → 12%BIG OAK RANCH: $840k → 13%Big Oak Ranch: $41k → 18%Youth Advocate Programs Inc: $113k → 12%Big Oak Ranch: $87k → 13%UNITEUS INC: $1.1M → 15%BIG OAK RANCH: $24k → 18%Youth Advocate Programs Inc: $30k → 12%Big Oak Ranch: $60k → 13%UNITEUS INC: $700k → 15%Arley Womens Club: $75k → 18%Big Oak Ranch: $42k → 13%Arley - Smith Lake Senior Outreach: $56k → 18%King's Home: $491k → 7%Big Oak Ranch: $24k → 13%KING'S HOME: $350k → 7%KING'S HOME: $250k → 7%ARLEY WOMENS CLUB: $26k → 18%Arley Women's Club: $23k → 18%THE LOVELADY CENTER: $50k → 16%THE LOVELADY CENTER: $35k → 16%THE FOUNDRY MINISTRIES: $60k → 16%The Foundry Ministries: $50k → 16%The Foundry Ministries: $50k → 16%The Foundry Ministries: $38k → 16%The Arc of Walker County: $130k → 17%The Arc of Walker County: $65k → 17%The Arc of Walker County: $63k → 17%The Arc of Walker County: $40k → 17%The Arc of Walker County: $35k → 17%THE ARC OF WALKER COUNTY: $23k → 17%Children's Aid Society of AL: $21k → 16%HARTT INC: $931k → 17%HARTT INC: $655k → 17%HARTT Inc: $374k → 17%HARTT Inc: $285k → 17%Walker County Children's Policy Council: $44k → 17%Walker County Children's Policy Council: $44k → 17%MISSION OF HOPE: $92k → 16%Mission of Hope: $67k → 16%MISSION OF HOPE: $57k → 16%Mission of Hope: $50k → 16%Mission of Hope: $45k → 16%Mission of Hope: $35k → 16%Mission of Hope: $34k → 16%Mission of Hope: $27k → 16%Mission of Hope: $24k → 16%Alabama Association of Nonprofits: $22k → 16%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.

Which US states its grants reach

MI
IA
PA
CO
VA
TN
NC
AL
GA
TX
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

93%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$34M · 130 repeat orgs$2.5M to everyone else

Grantees it renews have grown median revenue +26% since the first grant, against +19% for those funded once.

130 repeat relationships: 74 still active in FY2025, 56 since wound down; 19 grantees were first funded in FY2025 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

130
58

Total granted

$34M
$1.4M

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+26%
+19%

Still filing today

67%
40%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2025, 86% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $1.1M went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
Human ServicesHealthEducationArts & CultureCommunity ImprovementAnimalsOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • HI
    HARTT INC
    4× · 2022–2025 · $2.2M · revenue +275% · 100% of their budget
  • FO
    FRIENDS OF DOWNTOWN JASPER
    7× · 2019–2025 · $1.5M · revenue +211% · 75% of their budget
  • BO
    BIG OAK RANCH INC
    7× · 2019–2025 · $1.1M · revenue +114%

Funded once

  • WC
    WINSTON COUNTY ARTS COUNCIL
    one grant, 2023 · $158k · revenue -77%
  • IG
    Individual grant recipient
    one grant, 2024 · $97k
  • AL
    AWAKENING LIFE CHURCH
    one grant, 2024 · $86k
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Caring for Citizens of Alabama

Social services

Human Services
2
The Arc of Alabama Inc

The arc of alabama provides services to advocate and aid individuals with cognitive, intellectual, and developmental disabilities in the state of alabama.

—
3
Alabama Regional Medical Services

To provide quality healthcare and related services to all communities, including the underserved and homeless persons, regardless of language, culture, or financial barriers

Health
4
Central Alabama Regional Child Advocacy Center

Provide advocacy services for abused children in Central Alabama.

Crime & Legal
5
West Alabama Childrens Advocacy Center Inc

To provide a child-focused approach to the intervention, treatment, prevention, and prosecution of child abuse cases. to provide free therapy to child abuse victims and age appropriate awareness in our school systems.

Human Services
6
Alabama Healthcare Hall of Fame
Arts & Culture
7
Southeast Alabama Child Advocacy Center

Established to serve as an advocate of children & to reduce the trauma & anxiety of victims of child abuse by providing coordinated multi- disciplinary & human approach to the investigation & interviewing process.

Human Services
8
Alabama Partnership for Children

To work in partnership with families and organizations to ensure that all alabama children (birth to five) get everything they need to develop to their fullest potential.

Education
9
Aids Alabama Inc

Aids alabama devotes its energy and resources statewide to helping people with hiv/aids live healthy, independent lives and works to prevent the spread of hiv.

Health
10
The Bridge Inc

To provide treatment and rehabilitative services for juveniles and adults in alabama through contracts primarily with the alabama department of youth services and the alabama department of mental health.

Health
11
Child Advocacy Center of Cullman Inc

Nurturing hope, encouraging health, and promoting healing in troubled families through community collaboration, communication and cooperation

Human Services
12
Alabama Restaurant & Hospitality Association Foundation
—
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Alabama Possible; the most unlike its peers is American Diabetes Association. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

132 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2026, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 132 of the 212 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

26
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
30
Early backer (in before they grew)
129/132
Grantees still filing
78/132
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

ALABAMA BAPTIST CHILDRENS HOME AND FAMILY MINISTRIES: $1,280,919 · OtherALABAMA BAPTIST CHILDRENS HOME AND FAMILY MINISTRIESBEVILL STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE: $1,118,949 · OtherBEVILL STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGEST MARY'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH: $955,717 · OtherHOPE HOUSE FAMILY WORSHIP CENTER: $796,077 · OtherFIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF JASPER: $748,500 · OtherFELLOWSHIP HOUSE INC: $731,704 · OtherJasper City Board of Education: $699,771 · OtherTHE SALVATION ARMY: $648,190 · OtherCRISIS CENTER INC: $626,026 · OtherBACKYARD BLESSINGS: $842,884 · Other+113 more: $9,968,571 · Other+113 moreHARTT INC: $2,244,957 · Human ServicesHARTT INCUNITEUS INC: $1,805,000 · Human ServicesUNITEUS INCBIG OAK RANCH INC: $1,130,000 · Human ServicesBIG OAK RANCH INCKings Home Inc: $1,090,560 · Human ServicesKings Home IncJASPER AREA FAMILY SERVICES CENTER INC: $633,260 · Human ServicesJASPER AREA FAMILY SERVICES …MISSION OF HOPE: $470,312 · Human ServicesTHE ARC OF WALKER COUNTY: $381,332 · Human ServicesYOUTH ADVOCATE PROGRAMS INC: $333,274 · Human Services+17 more: $1,212,176 · Human Services+17 moreFRIENDS OF DOWNTOWN JASPER: $1,499,913 · Community ImprovementTHE LINK OF CULLMAN COUNTY INC: $410,000 · Community ImprovementBRIDGE EDUCATIONAL PHILANTHROPY: $318,000 · Community ImprovementDOWNTOWN JASPER BUSINESS ASSOCIATION: $131,380 · Community ImprovementMAIN STREET ALABAMA: $128,855 · Community Improvement+3 more: $65,000 · Community ImprovementSIGHT SAVERS OF AMERICA INC: $535,120 · HealthALABAMA LIONS SIGHT ASSOCIATION INC: $418,880 · HealthCAPSTONE HEALTH: $256,884 · HealthNORTHWEST AL MENTAL HEALTH CENTER: $171,178 · HealthADDIES PLACE CHILD ADVOCACY CENTER OF WINSTON COUNTY: $168,280 · HealthSMILE-A-MILE: $157,000 · HealthWINSTON COUNTY RESCUE SQUAD INC: $140,000 · HealthAMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY INC: $102,500 · HealthLaura Crandall Brown Foundation: $86,500 · Health+11 more: $493,164 · HealthUNITED WAY OF CENTRAL ALABAMA INC: $665,538 · PhilanthropyTHE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION FOR GREATER ATLANTA INC: $311,080 · PhilanthropyNICK'S KIDS FOUNDATION INC: $180,000 · PhilanthropyWALKER AREA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION INC: $179,000 · Philanthropy+3 more: $59,300 · PhilanthropyRUFF RESCUERS UNITED FOR FURBABIES: $800,565 · AnimalsWALKER COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY: $375,339 · AnimalsTHE GREATER BIRMINGHAM HUMANE SOCIETY INC: $54,468 · Animals+3 more: $47,300 · AnimalsHEAL Inc: $419,920 · EducationLITERACY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL ALABAMA: $258,700 · EducationPRESCHOOL PARTNERS: $165,332 · EducationTHE LIBERTY LEARNING FOUNDATION: $107,000 · EducationSamford University: $56,000 · Education+6 more: $121,005 · Education
Other$18,417,308Human Services$9,300,871Community Improvement$2,553,148Health$2,529,506Philanthropy$1,394,918Animals$1,277,672Education$1,127,957

Showing the 200 largest grantees by grant value.

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetHARTT INC: $2,244,957 over 4y, 100% of budgetUNITEUS INC: $1,805,000 over 2y, 32% of budgetFRIENDS OF DOWNTOWN JASPER: $1,499,913 over 7y, 75% of budgetBIG OAK RANCH INC: $1,130,000 over 7y, 3.5% of budgetKings Home Inc: $1,090,560 over 3y, 5.1% of budgetBACKYARD BLESSINGS: $842,884 over 9y, 52% of budgetRUFF RESCUERS UNITED FOR FURBABIES: $800,565 over 2y, 42% of budgetFELLOWSHIP HOUSE INC: $731,704 over 4y, 4.9% of budgetUNITED WAY OF CENTRAL ALABAMA INC: $665,538 over 8y, 0.2% of budgetJASPER AREA FAMILY SERVICES CENTER INC: $633,260 over 8y, 25% of budgetCRISIS CENTER INC: $626,026 over 5y, 4.6% of budgetSABAN CENTER FOUNDATION: $600,000 over 3y, 11% of budgetSIGHT SAVERS OF AMERICA INC: $535,120 over 9y, 2.2% of budgetMISSION OF HOPE: $470,312 over 9y, 32% of budgetHEAL Inc: $419,920 over 9y, 7.9% of budgetALABAMA LIONS SIGHT ASSOCIATION INC: $418,880 over 9y, 14% of budgetTHE LINK OF CULLMAN COUNTY INC: $410,000 over 1y, 34% of budgetWALKER COUNTY COMMUNITY AGENCY INC: $397,094 over 9y, 7.8% of budgetCONCERNED CITIZENS FOR OUR YOUTH INC: $391,388 over 5y, 7.0% of budgetTHE ARC OF WALKER COUNTY: $381,332 over 8y, 2.2% of budgetWALKER COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY: $375,339 over 9y, 69% of budgetYOUTH ADVOCATE PROGRAMS INC: $333,274 over 4y, 0.2% of budgetBRIDGE EDUCATIONAL PHILANTHROPY: $318,000 over 4y, 83% of budgetTHE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION FOR GREATER ATLANTA INC: $311,080 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetMASTERS PLAN MINISTRIES INC: $273,325 over 4y, 17% of budgetWALKER COUNTY COALITION FOR THE HOMELESS: $267,105 over 4y, 76% of budgetLITERACY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL ALABAMA: $258,700 over 9y, 5.5% of budgetCAPSTONE HEALTH: $256,884 over 3y, 1.6% of budgetWALKER COUNTY ARTS ALLIANCE INC: $254,072 over 9y, 63% of budgetGREATER BIRMINGHAM HABITAT FOR HUMANITY INC: $247,000 over 3y, 1.5% of budgetCITY OF LIGHTS: $232,500 over 4y, 2.5% of budgetWILD ALABAMA INC: $222,945 over 5y, 15% of budgetRAISING ARROWS: $220,677 over 2y, 16% of budgetTHE FOUNDRY MINISTRIES INC: $215,800 over 6y, 0.7% of budgetMISSION 34 INC: $189,400 over 2y, 99% of budgetNICK'S KIDS FOUNDATION INC: $180,000 over 4y, 4.3% of budgetWALKER AREA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION INC: $179,000 over 3y, 0.9% of budgetHOPE FOR WOMEN LLC: $177,626 over 5y, 40% of budgetBundles of Hope Inc: $174,100 over 6y, 2.5% of budgetNORTHWEST AL MENTAL HEALTH CENTER: $171,178 over 3y, 0.5% of budgetADDIES PLACE CHILD ADVOCACY CENTER OF WINSTON COUNTY: $168,280 over 2y, 27% of budgetPRESCHOOL PARTNERS: $165,332 over 4y, 4.6% of budgetWINSTON COUNTY ARTS COUNCIL: $157,999 over 1y, 15% of budgetKIDS PLAY ALABAMA: $157,420 over 4y, 71% of budgetSMILE-A-MILE: $157,000 over 8y, 1.6% of budgetWINSTON COUNTY RESCUE SQUAD INC: $140,000 over 3y, 13% of budgetBLACK WARRIOR COUNCIL: $134,538 over 8y, 2.1% of budgetARLEY WOMENS CLUB INC: $133,209 over 4y, 97% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds HARTT INC ↗
  • Who funds UNITEUS INC ↗
  • Who funds FRIENDS OF DOWNTOWN JASPER ↗
  • Who funds BIG OAK RANCH INC ↗
  • Who funds Kings Home Inc ↗
  • Who funds BACKYARD BLESSINGS ↗
  • Who funds RUFF RESCUERS UNITED FOR FURBABIES ↗
  • Who funds FELLOWSHIP HOUSE INC ↗
  • Who funds UNITED WAY OF CENTRAL ALABAMA INC ↗
  • Who funds JASPER AREA FAMILY SERVICES CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds CRISIS CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds SABAN CENTER FOUNDATION ↗
  • Who funds SIGHT SAVERS OF AMERICA INC ↗
  • Who funds MISSION OF HOPE ↗
  • Who funds HEAL Inc ↗
  • Who funds ALABAMA LIONS SIGHT ASSOCIATION INC ↗
  • Who funds THE LINK OF CULLMAN COUNTY INC ↗
  • Who funds WALKER COUNTY COMMUNITY AGENCY INC ↗
  • Who funds CONCERNED CITIZENS FOR OUR YOUTH INC ↗
  • Who funds THE ARC OF WALKER COUNTY ↗
  • Who funds WALKER COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY ↗
  • Who funds YOUTH ADVOCATE PROGRAMS INC ↗
  • Who funds BRIDGE EDUCATIONAL PHILANTHROPY ↗
  • Who funds THE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION FOR GREATER ATLANTA INC ↗
  • Who funds MASTERS PLAN MINISTRIES INC ↗
  • Who funds WALKER COUNTY COALITION FOR THE HOMELESS ↗
  • Who funds LITERACY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL ALABAMA ↗
  • Who funds CAPSTONE HEALTH ↗
  • Who funds WALKER COUNTY ARTS ALLIANCE INC ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Alabama Power Foundat…The Community Foundat…The Daniel Foundation…Protective Life Found…Susan Mott Webb Chari…Hill Crest Foundation…Robert R Meyer Founda…United Way of Central…Altecstyslinger Found…Community Partnership…Mike and Gillian Good…Cawaco Resource Conse…
Alabama Power Foundation IncAL112.4× affinity74 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Alabama Power Foundation Inc · The Community Foundation of Greater Birmingham · The Daniel Foundation of Alabama · Protective Life Foundation · Susan Mott Webb Charitable Trust · Hill Crest Foundation Inc · Robert R Meyer Foundation · United Way of Central Alabama Inc · Altecstyslinger Foundation · Community Partnership of Alabama Inc · Mike and Gillian Goodrich Foundation · Cawaco Resource Conservation & Development Council Inc

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization Walker Area Community Foundation Inc funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from Walker Area Community Foundation Inc. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 10%6%25%56%100%funder's share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from government →
    no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
    1get no government money at all
    40report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
    0rely on government for over half their income
    typical government reliance, FY20–25
    How this is measured
    Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.
    05Through Plinth

    Warm introductions · Powered by PlinthPlus

    How do I get to Walker Area Community Foundation Inc?

    Find your warmest path to Walker Area Community Foundation Inc through trustees and officers whose names appear on both boards. Search for your organization and Plinth traces the shortest route it can evidence.

    Each link is a name appearing on two organizations’ public IRS 990 filings, matched on that name and, where the filings support it, on location. A same-state match has geographic support, which is a second matching feature rather than confirmation that the two are one person; a cross-state one is the likeliest to be two people who share a name. Every hop shows its tier, low-confidence and distant paths are held back rather than guessed, and it is worth confirming the person before you use the introduction.

    On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 212 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

    How this is measured
    Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

    Generated from the IRS Form 990 e-file return for fiscal year 2025, released 2025. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

    Source object · view filing

    Play a game based on Walker Area’s filings →

    More from the funding graph

    The unnamed billions
    grants reported with no recipient in the public record
    The regranting layer
    51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
    The DAF merry-go-round
    $9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
    The endowment market
    who holds foundation money, and what just moved
    The camps
    funders cluster by geography, not ideology
    By state
    where grant money is based, and what stays home