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The Just Trust for Education at a glanceMostly funded, not a grantmaker: see who funds it →

· Public charity

The Just Trust for Education

Accelerate momentum for justice reform and public safety innovation in every corner of the country.

$26M
Granted FY2024still arriving
151
Grants FY2024still arriving
25
States reached
$1.5M
Largest
01What it fundsRead
02The needRead
03Its granteesRead
04Its fieldRead
01What it funds
01100% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2023 to 2024.

Crime & Legal$36MCivil Rights$4.7MPublic Benefit$3.4MArts & Culture$3.2MPhilanthropy$1.4MEducation$1.3MHealth$940kInternational$935kOther$0
02FY2024 · 151 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

By grant size · FY2024

  • Under $10k1 grant · $8k
  • $10k–50k29 grants · $674k
  • $50k–250k89 grants · $10.0M
  • $250k+32 grants · $15M
$100,000
Median grant
25
States reached
$67M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
TEXAS PUBLIC POLICY FOUNDATION$1,500,000
ALLIANCE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE$1,000,000
FAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION$1,000,000
THE MARSHALL PROJECT$875,000
JUSTLEADERSHIPUSA$850,000
THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR INCARCERATED AND FORMERLY INCARCERATED WOMEN AND G$850,000
FOR THE PEOPLE$600,000
VERA INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE$500,000
THE BETTER ANGELS SOCIETY$500,000
PRISON FELLOWSHIP MINISTRIES$500,000
EQUAL JUSTICE USA$500,000
FORMERLY INCARCERATED CONVICTED PEOPLE AND FAMILIES MOVEMENT$450,000
DREAMORG$400,000
FORWARD JUSTICE$400,000
REPRESENT JUSTICE (FORWARD IMPACT)$400,000
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY23–24, $4.1M) land where the poverty rate runs at 13%, against an area that typically sits at 11%. 80% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 11%YOUTH ADVOCATE PROGRAMS: $102k → 12%IMMIGRANT LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER: $100k → 10%A BEAUTIFUL HEART MINISTRIES: $15k → 13%THE ORDINARY PEOPLE SOCIETY: $125k → 17%FREEDOM READS INC: $175k → 12%NORTH CAROLINA JUSTICE CENTER: $150k → 8%KENTUCKY FORUM FOR RIGHTS ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION: $75k → 4%THE REACH INITIATIVE: $300k → 16%IMMIGRANT LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER: $100k → 10%NORTH CAROLINA JUSTICE CENTER: $100k → 8%KENTUCKY FORUM FOR RIGHTS ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION: $75k → 4%THE REACH INITIATIVE: $250k → 16%THE REACH INITIATIVE: $77k → 16%POSSIBILITY LABS: $75k → 10%THE ANTI-RECIDIVISM COALITION: $25k → 14%COMMUNITY SUCCESS INITIATIVE: $100k → 8%FAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION: $1.0M → 14%COMMUNITY SUCCESS INITIATIVE: $50k → 8%FAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION: $1.0M → 14%OPERATION RESTORATION: $100k → 23%OPERATION RESTORATION: $50k → 23%FAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION: $35k → 14%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.

Which US states its grants reach

WA
IL
MI
NY
MA
OR
PA
NJ
CT
CA
CO
MO
KY
WV
VA
AZ
TN
NC
DC
OK
LA
MS
AL
GA
TX
FL
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

77%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$40M · 84 repeat orgs$12M to everyone else

Grantees it renews have grown median revenue +12% since the first grant, against 0% for those funded once.

84 repeat relationships: 84 still active in FY2024, 0 since wound down; 31 grantees were first funded in FY2024 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

84
27

Total granted

$40M
$6.9M

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+12%
0%

Still filing today

98%
93%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2024, 78% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $5.4M went to new ones.

50%100%’23’24
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’23’24
Crime & LegalArts & CultureHuman ServicesCivil RightsEducationPublic BenefitOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • AF
    ALLIANCE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE
    2× · 2023–2024 · $1.8M · revenue +65%
  • EJ
    EQUAL JUSTICE USA INC
    2× · 2023–2024 · $1.8M · revenue +30%
  • FT
    FOR THE PEOPLE
    2× · 2023–2024 · $1.4M · revenue +28% · 30% of their budget

Funded once

  • RI
    RECIDIVIZ INC
    one grant, 2023 · $2.5M · revenue -38%
  • CJ
    CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM FOUNDATION
    one grant, 2023 · $1.0M · revenue +20%
  • AC
    AMERICAN CONSERVATIVE UNION FOUNDATIONINC
    one grant, 2023 · $700k · revenue -13%
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Fund for Justice

Fund for Justice is a nationally connected social impact research and advocacy organization that works to achieve fundamental, systemic reform by addressing policies and practicies that prevent individuals from reaching their full…

Crime & Legal
2
Southern Coalition for Social Justice

Southern coalition for social justice partners with communities of color and economically disadvantaged communities across the south to defend and advance their political, social, and economic rights. through an intersectional and…

Crime & Legal
3
Alliance for Justice

Alliance for justice builds the strength of progressive movements by training and educating nonprofit organizations on advocacy, while harnessing their collective power to transform our state and federal courts.

Civil Rights
4
Oregon Justice Network

Oregon Justice Network is an alliance built and staffed by criminal legal system impacted people advocating for the well-being of people affected or at-risk of being affected by carceral systems. Our work centers around restorative…

Human Services
5
Colorofchangeorg

Colorofchange.org works to strengthen the voice of black americans and increase the level of accountability and responsiveness of elected officials to underrepresented black constituencies using the internet as a lobbying and…

—
6
Liberty Justice Center

To advance economic and social liberties and a free enterprise society through strategic litigation, training, communication, activism and research. in addition, the center will train law students, lawyers and policy activists in the…

Crime & Legal
7
National Police Accountability Project Inc

To promote the accountability of law enforcement officers and their employers for violations of the Constitution or laws of the United States.

Crime & Legal
8
Abolitionist Law Center

Legal services & public interest law.

Crime & Legal
9
Colorado Center On Law and Policy

Colorado center on law and policy is an antipoverty organization advancing the rights of every coloradan.

Crime & Legal
10
Equal Justice Under Law

To provide legal assistance to people living in poverty in order to promote social welfare.

Crime & Legal
11
Southern Center for Human Rights

The Southern Center for Human Rights is working for equality, dignity, and justice for people impacted by the criminal legal system in the Deep South. SCHR fights for a world free from mass incarceration, the death penalty, the…

Civil Rights
12
American Civil Liberties Union

To promote advocacy on legislative issues in support of civil rights and liberties. to advance the organization's civil rights and civil liberties agenda in the state of louisiana legislature.

—
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Voices of Community Activists & Leaders (Vocal-Ny) Inc; the most unlike its peers is Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

143 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2025.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2025, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 143 of the 149 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

13
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
16
Early backer (in before they grew)
143/143
Grantees still filing
75/143
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

RECIDIVIZ INC: $2,500,000 · Crime & LegalRECIDIVIZ INCJUSTLEADERSHIPUSA INC: $1,900,000 · Crime & LegalJUSTLEADERSHIPUSA INCALLIANCE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE: $1,800,000 · Crime & LegalALLIANCE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICEFOR THE PEOPLE: $1,450,000 · Crime & LegalFOR THE PEOPLEFORWARD JUSTICE: $1,250,000 · Crime & LegalFORWARD JUSTICEPRISON FELLOWSHIP MINISTRIES: $1,250,000 · Crime & LegalPRISON FELLOWSHIP MINISTRIESVERA INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE INC: $1,220,000 · Crime & LegalVERA INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE INCCRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM FOUNDATION: $1,000,000 · Crime & LegalVOICE OF THE EXPERIENCED VOTE: $950,000 · Crime & LegalTHE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR INCARCERATED AND FORMERLY INCARCERATED WOMEN & GIRLS: $870,000 · Crime & LegalCOUNCIL ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INC: $771,000 · Crime & LegalLAW ENFORCEMENT ACTION PARTNERSHIP INC: $700,000 · Crime & Legal+22 more: $4,944,500 · Crime & Legal+22 moreEQUAL JUSTICE USA INC: $1,750,000 · Civil RightsEQUAL JUSTI…Prison Policy Initiative: $750,000 · Civil RightsPrison Poli…CIVIL RIGHTS CORPS: $650,000 · Civil RightsCIVIL RIGHT…AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION OF LOUISIANA: $400,000 · Civil RightsAMERICAN CI…OKLAHOMA POLICY INC: $400,000 · Civil RightsOKLAHOMA PO…AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF MISSISSIPPI FOUNDATION INC: $350,000 · Civil RightsAMERICAN CI…AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF ALABAMA FOUNDATION: $300,000 · Civil RightsAMERICAN CI…AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF OKLAHOMA FOUNDATION INC: $300,000 · Civil RightsAMERICAN CI…A GALVANIZED INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO: $202,000 · Civil Rights+5 more: $445,000 · Civil Rights+5 moreFAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION: $2,035,000 · Human ServicesTHE REACH INITIATIVE INC: $627,000 · Human ServicesNORTH CAROLINA JUSTICE CENTER: $250,000 · Human ServicesIMMIGRANT LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER: $200,000 · Human ServicesTHE POLITICAL REPORT INC: $200,000 · Human ServicesFREEDOM READS INC: $175,000 · Human ServicesOPERATION RESTORATION: $150,000 · Human ServicesCommunity Success Initiative Inc: $150,000 · Human ServicesKENTUCKY FORUM FOR RIGHTS ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION: $150,000 · Human Services+5 more: $342,000 · Human ServicesTEXAS PUBLIC POLICY FOUNDATION: $1,620,000 · Public BenefitNEO Philanthropy Inc: $602,000 · Public BenefitKENTUCKY CENTER FOR ECONOMIC POLICY INC: $450,000 · Public BenefitALABAMA APPLESEED CENTER FOR LAW AND JUSTICE INC: $376,000 · Public BenefitINVEST IN LOUISIANA: $250,000 · Public BenefitOne Voice: $202,000 · Public BenefitWEST VIRGINIA CENTER ON BUDGET AND POLICY INC: $158,000 · Public BenefitPELICAN INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY: $150,000 · Public Benefit+2 more: $175,000 · Public BenefitTHE BETTER ANGELS SOCIETY INC: $1,000,000 · Arts & CultureFORWARD IMPACT: $900,000 · Arts & CultureTHE APPEAL INC: $300,000 · Arts & CultureCAPITAL B NEWS INC: $200,000 · Arts & CultureINVESTIGATIVE REPORTERS & EDITORS INC: $175,000 · Arts & CulturePRISON JOURNALISM PROJECT INC: $155,000 · Arts & CulturePRX Inc: $150,000 · Arts & CultureKENTUCKY PUBLIC RADIO INC: $125,000 · Arts & Culture+7 more: $590,000 · Arts & CultureTHE MARSHALL PROJECT INC: $1,950,000 · Community ImprovementSMALL BUSINESS MAJORITY FOUNDATION INC: $350,000 · Community ImprovementKentucky Chamber Foundation Inc: $200,000 · Community ImprovementCriminal Justice Coordinating Council: $150,000 · Community Improvement+1 more: $84,000 · Community ImprovementTHE SENTENCING PROJECT: $960,000 · OtherTHE SENTENCING PROJECTDREAMORG: $880,000 · OtherDREAMORGSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS (SEE) INC: $540,000 · OtherNEW VENTURE FUND: $475,000 · OtherThird Space Foundation: $604,000 · OtherHOPEWELL FUND: $550,000 · OtherTULSA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION: $510,000 · OtherAMERICAN CONSERVATIVE UNION FOUNDATIONINC: $700,000 · OtherTHE GROUNDTRUTH PROJECT INC: $501,450 · OtherWHITE BIRD CLINIC: $500,000 · OtherHUMAN RIGHTS FOR KIDS: $625,000 · Other+46 more: $7,361,249 · Other+46 more
Crime & Legal$20,605,500Civil Rights$5,547,000Human Services$4,279,000Public Benefit$3,983,000Arts & Culture$3,595,000Community Improvement$2,734,000Other$14,206,699

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetRECIDIVIZ INC: $2,500,000 over 1y, 6.5% of budgetFAMILIES AGAINST MANDATORY MINIMUMS FOUNDATION: $2,035,000 over 2y, 25% of budgetTHE MARSHALL PROJECT INC: $1,950,000 over 2y, 6.0% of budgetJUSTLEADERSHIPUSA INC: $1,900,000 over 2y, 19% of budgetALLIANCE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE: $1,800,000 over 2y, 2.1% of budgetEQUAL JUSTICE USA INC: $1,750,000 over 2y, 19% of budgetTEXAS PUBLIC POLICY FOUNDATION: $1,620,000 over 1y, 5.7% of budgetFOR THE PEOPLE: $1,450,000 over 2y, 30% of budgetFORWARD JUSTICE: $1,250,000 over 2y, 11% of budgetPRISON FELLOWSHIP MINISTRIES: $1,250,000 over 2y, 1.2% of budgetVERA INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE INC: $1,220,000 over 2y, 0.4% of budgetTHE BETTER ANGELS SOCIETY INC: $1,000,000 over 2y, 5.2% of budgetCRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM FOUNDATION: $1,000,000 over 1y, 2.7% of budgetTHE SENTENCING PROJECT: $960,000 over 2y, 18% of budgetVOICE OF THE EXPERIENCED VOTE: $950,000 over 2y, 16% of budgetFORWARD IMPACT: $900,000 over 2y, 13% of budgetDREAMORG: $880,000 over 2y, 11% of budgetTHE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR INCARCERATED AND FORMERLY INCARCERATED WOMEN & GIRLS: $870,000 over 2y, 13% of budgetCOUNCIL ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INC: $771,000 over 2y, 11% of budgetPrison Policy Initiative: $750,000 over 2y, 15% of budgetLAW ENFORCEMENT ACTION PARTNERSHIP INC: $700,000 over 2y, 29% of budgetAMERICAN CONSERVATIVE UNION FOUNDATIONINC: $700,000 over 1y, 8.5% of budgetCIVIL RIGHTS CORPS: $650,000 over 2y, 8.9% of budgetTHE REACH INITIATIVE INC: $627,000 over 2y, 59% of budgetHUMAN RIGHTS FOR KIDS: $625,000 over 2y, 77% of budgetThird Space Foundation: $604,000 over 2y, 21% of budgetNEO Philanthropy Inc: $602,000 over 2y, 0.2% of budgetHOPEWELL FUND: $550,000 over 2y, 0.2% of budgetSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS (SEE) INC: $540,000 over 2y, 0.6% of budgetATLANTA FULTON COUNTY PREARREST DIVERSION INITIATIVE INC: $525,000 over 2y, 5.4% of budgetTULSA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION: $510,000 over 2y, 0.1% of budgetTHE GROUNDTRUTH PROJECT INC: $501,450 over 2y, 4.0% of budgetWHITE BIRD CLINIC: $500,000 over 2y, 1.3% of budgetNewark Community Street Team Inc: $500,000 over 2y, 3.8% of budgetNEW VENTURE FUND: $475,000 over 2y, 0.1% of budgetKENTUCKY CENTER FOR ECONOMIC POLICY INC: $450,000 over 2y, 23% of budgetCOMMON JUSTICE INC: $405,000 over 2y, 2.9% of budgetAMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION OF LOUISIANA: $400,000 over 2y, 8.6% of budgetFOUNDATION FOR APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY INC: $400,000 over 1y, 3.4% of budgetOKLAHOMA POLICY INC: $400,000 over 2y, 11% of budgetALABAMA APPLESEED CENTER FOR LAW AND JUSTICE INC: $376,000 over 2y, 14% of budgetSMALL BUSINESS MAJORITY FOUNDATION INC: $350,000 over 2y, 3.8% of budgetHIGHLANDER RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER INC: $350,000 over 2y, 1.2% of budgetAMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF MISSISSIPPI FOUNDATION INC: $350,000 over 2y, 19% of budgetConservatives For Criminal Justice Reform: $325,000 over 2y, 78% of budgetTHE PROMISE OF JUSTICE INITIATIVE: $315,000 over 2y, 4.1% of budgetAMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF ALABAMA FOUNDATION: $300,000 over 2y, 11% of budgetLOUISIANA CENTER FOR CHILDREN'S RIGHTS: $300,000 over 2y, 4.0% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

New Venture FundPublic Welfare Founda…Annie E Casey Foundat…Amalgamated Charitabl…Laura and John Arnold…Mary Reynolds Babcock…The Ford FoundationFoundation to Promote…Wellspring Philanthro…Silicon Valley Commun…Fwdus Education Fund …Borealis Philanthropy
New Venture FundDC108.8× affinity84 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: New Venture Fund · Public Welfare Foundation Inc · Annie E Casey Foundation Inc · Amalgamated Charitable Foundation Inc · Laura and John Arnold Foundation · Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation Incorporated · The Ford Foundation · Foundation to Promote Open Society · Wellspring Philanthropic Fund Inc · Silicon Valley Community Foundation · Fwdus Education Fund Inc · Borealis Philanthropy

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization The Just Trust for Education funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from The Just Trust for Education. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 120%6%25%56%100%funder's share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from government →median 12%
  • Newark Community Street Team Inc: 38% of income from government
  • White Bird Clinic: 29% of income from government
  • Freedom Reads Inc: 12% of income from government
  • Tulsa Community Foundation: 11% of income from government
  • The Trustees of Princeton University: 11% of income from government
  • The Poynter Institute for Media Studies Inc: 1% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
12get no government money at all
28report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 149 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990 e-file return for fiscal year 2024, released 2024. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

Play a game based on Just Trust for Education’s filings →

More from the funding graph

The unnamed billions
grants reported with no recipient in the public record
The regranting layer
51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
The DAF merry-go-round
$9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
The endowment market
who holds foundation money, and what just moved
The camps
funders cluster by geography, not ideology
By state
where grant money is based, and what stays home