Skip to content
Plinth

· Private foundation

Joseph P Donahue Charitable Foundation

Its FY2024 filing reports that it funds preselected organizations and did not take unsolicited requests; check the foundation's own site before ruling it out.

$313k
Granted FY2024still arriving
68
Grants FY2024still arriving
10
States reached
$30k
Largest
01What you fund
0188% classified

What you funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year — across FY20172024.

Education$654kArts & Culture$396kEnvironment$267kReligion$81kRecreation & Sports$73kPhilanthropy$56kYouth Development$52kCrime & Legal$44kOther$0
02FY2024 · 68 grants

Where the money goes

Your grants by size, and where they go.

By grant size · FY2024

  • Under $10k60 grants · $166k
  • $10k–50k8 grants · $147k
$2,000
Median grant
10
States reached
$2.9M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
LOWELL PARKS & CONSERVATION TRUST$30,000
OFF THE PARK PRESS$26,425
Individual grant recipient$25,000
ORCHARD VALLEY WALDORF SCHOOL$25,000
CHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD$11,000
BROTHER SULLIVAN FUND$10,000
Individual grant recipient$10,000
FRACTURED ATLAS$10,000
LOWELL FESTIVAL FOUNDATION FALL FES$8,000
WHITE RIVER PARTNERSHIP$7,000
GREENVILLE JUNCTION DEPOT FRIENDS$6,000
LITTER KREWE CORP$6,000
WALDORF SCHOOL OF LEXINGTON$6,000
CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL$6,000
BRIDGTON ACADEMY$6,000
02The need
03

Do your dollars go where the need is?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, then read against the area’s typical level.

show:

Your human-services grants (FY19–24, $13k) land where the poverty rate runs at 9%, against an area that typically sits at 9%. 100% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of your grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 9%SPECTRUM YOUTH & FAMILY SERVICES: $3k → 10%SPECTRUM YOUTH & FAMILY SERVICES: $1k → 10%SPECTRUM YOUTH & FAMILY SERVICES: $1k → 10%GOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL: $2k → 9%GOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL: $2k → 9%GOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL: $2k → 9%GOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL: $1k → 9%GOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL: $1k → 9%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount

Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty linein the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP; grantee ZIP can differ from where services are delivered.

Which US states your grants reach

ME
VT
NH
WA
MN
IL
MI
NY
MA
OH
NJ
CT
RI
CA
CO
MD
NC
TX

US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are actually delivered. Need from public data — U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA — shown as context about the area, never attributed to your giving.

03Your edge
repeat funding

Who you back again

Which organizations you funded more than once, and which you funded a single time. Each grantee is matched to its own filings.

91%of every dollar goes to organizations you’ve funded before.
$1.7M · 78 repeat orgs$176k to everyone else

And the relationships you keep tend to grow: grantees you re-up on have seen median revenue of +39% since the first grant, against +10% for the ones you funded once.

78 repeat relationships — 52 still active in FY2024, 26 since wound down; 16 grantees were first funded in FY2024 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

78
39

Total granted

$1.7M
$124k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+39%
+10%

Still filing today

51%
23%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2024, 84% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $51k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’22’23’24
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’22’23’24
Arts & CultureEnvironmentEducationYouth DevelopmentFood & NutritionRecreation & SportsOther

First-time = a grantee’s first year in your filing window; renewed = funded in an earlier year too. As a portfolio matures the renewed share naturally climbs — once funded, an org stays “renewable” — so the signal is the years that buck it (a new-grantee intake wave). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as “new.” Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • OV
    ORCHARD VALLEY WALDORF SCHOOL INC
    7× · 2017–2024 · $180k · revenue +57%
  • LP
    LOWELL PARKS & CONSERVATION TRUST
    7× · 2017–2024 · $109k · revenue +407%
  • PV
    Pioneer Valley Poetry Productions Inc
    5× · 2018–2023 · $80k · revenue +123% · 93% of their budget

Funded once

  • IG
    Individual grant recipient
    one grant, 2017 · $10k
  • GH
    GOLDEN HANDCUFFS REVIEW PUBLICATIONS
    one grant, 2018 · $10k
  • SO
    SELVA OSCURA CO KEN TAYLOR
    one grant, 2018 · $10k

Repeat = funded in two or more distinct years; growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Your field

The map has a center of gravity: the average direction from the rest of the sector toward the organizations the foundation funds — the shape of its giving. Scoring every nonprofit along that direction surfaces the ones that look most like the portfolio. These are the closest matchesthat aren’t grantees — a resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
The Vermont River Conservancy Inc

Protect land along rivers, lakes and wetlands of vt; protect public access, wildlife habitat, scenic natural beauty, and ecological integrity.

Human Services
2
Vermont Riverlands Llc

To protect and enhance the natural resources of vermont in order to promote the well-being of present and future generations of vermonters and visitors; preserve and aid in the preservation of open land along rivers and lakes; protect and…

Environment
3
Upper Saco Valley Land Trust

The Organization works with local landowners to permanently protect natural land and waters that define its community and enrich the quality of life by purchasing, managing, negotiating and developing conservations easements in the Upper…

Food & Nutrition
4
Vermont Land Trust Inc

Rooted in vermont since 1977, the vermont land trust unites land and lives for the enduring benefit of people and the place we share. we help people protect, care for, and connect to land. this includes the farms, forests, natural areas,…

Environment
5
Vermont Wilderness School

Provide nature-based education and mentoring to youth and adults in southern vermont and western massachusetts.

Environment
6
Midcoast Conservancy

The mission of Midcoast Conservancy is to protect vital lands and waters on a scale that matters and to inspire wonder and action on behalf of all species and the Earth.

Environment
7
Vermont Public Co

Vermont public informs, educates, and entertains through public service journalism and enlightening content rooted in vermont. our storytelling enriches lives and fosters community connection and understanding.

Arts & Culture
8
Kennebunk Land Trust

Kennebunk Land Trust's mission is to permanently conserve and steward land to benefit natural and human communities.

Environment
9
Liberation Ecosystem Inc

To cultivate connection, share resources, and amplify the voices of people of color in vermont within the focus areas of land, environ- ment, agriculture, and foodways. liberation ecosystem, inc. is a col- laborative ecosystem for growing…

Food & Nutrition
10
Sudbury Valley Trustees Inc

Sudbury valley trustees, inc. ("the organization") works to protect natural areas and farmland for wildlife and people in the 36 communities that surround the sudbury, assabet, and concord rivers. the organization cares for some of the…

Environment
11
Mount Desert Land and Garden Preserve

The mission of the mount desert land & garden preserve is to conserve and share the beauty of our historic lands and gardens.

12
Massachusetts Outdoor Heritage Foundation Inc Attn Susan Sacco

For reference, the grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Lowell Parks & Conservation Trust and the most unlike its peers is Dos Madres Press Inc. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.

For each theme you fund, this compares how the sector’s money is shifting with how your own giving is shifting.

← shrinkinggrowing →↓ leaning in → pulling backsteadyIndependent K-12 SchoolsEnvironmental Conservation …Youth Sports ProgramsSchool District FoundationsOrchestra and Ensemble Perf…Local Food System Organizat…Animal Rescue and ShelterDomestic Violence ServicesFood Banks and PantriesPolicy Research and AdvocacyCancer Support ServicesCommunity Foundations
the sector your giving your giving is ahead of the sector the sector’s ahead of you· dot size = how much the theme matters to each side
Ordered by the change in your giving — leaning in on top, pulling back at the bottom. The bar between the two dots is how out of step you are with the sector. Hover any row for detail.

Sector change and giving change are each shown relative to their own range, growing (right) or shrinking (left); both normalized, so inflation isn’t mistaken for growth.

Your grantees are a median of 36 years old; the field is 16. You back the established end — and your money leans older still.

THE FIELDby orgYOUR GRANTEESby number22%4%<5yr14%9%5–10yr19%13%10–20yr16%22%20–35yr13%30%35–55yr16%22%55yr+
THE FIELDby orgYOUR MONEYby value22%1%<5yr14%9%5–10yr19%9%10–20yr16%37%20–35yr13%35%35–55yr16%10%55yr+

The field is 22% startups (under 5 years old) — 4% of your grantees by number, and just 1% of your money.

Closures · last 5 years

The orgs you fund almost never close 2% lost their exemption, against 13% of the field you don’t fund.

orgs you fund
2%1/66
the rest of the field
13%
240,395/1,819,499

Age = years since IRS exemption (a founding proxy). “Closed” = auto-revocation for 3 years of non-filing — a floor on closure, not proof, and bigger established orgs lapse least. Association, not causation.

04the grantee network

58 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2025.

Each one resolved to its own IRS returns and tracked year by year — your grant beside their revenue from every source. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

Counted here: distinct organizations you funded across 20172025, not grant rows in a single year — so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 58 of the 134 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile; the rest are funded organizations whose filings we could not track year by year.

2
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
20
Early backer (in before they grew)
55/58
Grantees still filing
41/58
Grew since you first funded

Where your money sits — by cause, then by grantee

LOWELL CATHOLIC — $303,500 · OtherLOWELL CATHOLICOFF THE PARK PRESS — $121,425 · OtherOFF THE PARK PRESSIndividual grant recipient — $87,000 · OtherIndividual grant recipientCHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD — $47,000 · OtherTHE INITIATIVE A VERMONT WALDORF HIGH SCHOOL — $45,000 · OtherGOLDEN HANDCUFFS REVIEW PUBLICATION — $40,000 · Other+91 more — $512,838 · Other+91 moreLOWELL PARKS & CONSERVATION TRUST — $109,000 · EnvironmentLOWELL PARKS …Mahoosuc Land Trust Inc — $49,000 · EnvironmentMahoosuc Land…Natural Resources Council of Maine Inc — $33,000 · EnvironmentNatural Resou…White River Partnership Inc — $14,000 · EnvironmentWhite River P…+6 more — $28,000 · Environment+6 moreORCHARD VALLEY WALDORF SCHOOL INC — $180,000 · EducationORCHARD VALL…Bridgton Academy — $26,000 · EducationBridgton Aca…ADAM KEENAN FOUNDATION INC CARE OF AUDREY KEENAN — $7,500 · Education+3 more — $9,500 · EducationPioneer Valley Poetry Productions Inc — $80,000 · Arts & CulturePioneer Vall…GREENVILLE JUNCTION DEPOT FRIENDS — $34,000 · Arts & CultureGREENVILLE J…MOOSEHEAD MARINE MUSEUM — $27,000 · Arts & CultureMOOSEHEAD MA…THE LOWELL FESTIVAL FOUNDATION — $24,500 · Arts & CultureTHE LOWELL F…CLEMMONS FAMILY FARM INC — $11,000 · Arts & CultureMerrimack Repertory Theatre Inc — $10,000 · Arts & CultureSCRAG MOUNTAIN MUSIC INC — $10,000 · Arts & CultureCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT LAB INC — $8,000 · Arts & Culture+3 more — $14,000 · Arts & Culture+3 moreGreater Lowell Community Foundation Inc — $50,000 · PhilanthropyLITTER KREWE CORP — $6,000 · PhilanthropyUPPER VALLEY SNOW SPORTS FOUNDATION — $27,000 · Recreation & SportsMAINE ADAPTIVE SPORTS & RECREATION — $17,000 · Recreation & SportsUTEC Inc — $16,000 · Youth DevelopmentGIRLS INCORPORATED OF GREATER LOWELL — $2,500 · Youth DevelopmentGIRLS INC — $2,500 · Youth DevelopmentBOYS & GIRLS CLUB OF GREATER LOWELL INC — $2,000 · Youth Development+2 more — $1,000 · Youth Development
Other$1,156,763Environment$233,000Education$223,000Arts & Culture$218,500Philanthropy$56,000Recreation & Sports$44,000Youth Development$24,000

Each org by its size and your share of it — top-left is where you’re load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ your share of their budgetORCHARD VALLEY WALDORF SCHOOL INC — $180,000 over 7y, 3.1% of budgetLOWELL PARKS & CONSERVATION TRUST — $109,000 over 7y, 3.9% of budgetPioneer Valley Poetry Productions Inc — $80,000 over 5y, 93% of budgetGreater Lowell Community Foundation Inc — $50,000 over 3y, 0.5% of budgetMahoosuc Land Trust Inc — $49,000 over 7y, 1.5% of budgetTHE INITIATIVE A VERMONT WALDORF HIGH SCHOOL — $45,000 over 2y, 8.9% of budgetGREENVILLE JUNCTION DEPOT FRIENDS — $34,000 over 6y, 16% of budgetNatural Resources Council of Maine Inc — $33,000 over 7y, 0.3% of budgetMOOSEHEAD MARINE MUSEUM — $27,000 over 5y, 1.7% of budgetUPPER VALLEY SNOW SPORTS FOUNDATION — $27,000 over 2y, 2.0% of budgetBridgton Academy — $26,000 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetTHE LOWELL FESTIVAL FOUNDATION — $24,500 over 6y, 0.4% of budgetCENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL OF LAWRENCE INC — $23,000 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetMAINE ADAPTIVE SPORTS & RECREATION — $17,000 over 5y, 0.8% of budgetUTEC Inc — $16,000 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetGOOD SAMARITAN HAVEN INC — $14,000 over 6y, 0.2% of budgetWhite River Partnership Inc — $14,000 over 6y, 1.5% of budgetCLEMMONS FAMILY FARM INC — $11,000 over 6y, 0.3% of budgetMerrimack Repertory Theatre Inc — $10,000 over 4y, 0.1% of budgetSCRAG MOUNTAIN MUSIC INC — $10,000 over 5y, 7.5% of budgetCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT LAB INC — $8,000 over 4y, 1.5% of budgetGOOD BEGINNINGS OF CENTRAL VERMONT — $8,000 over 5y, 1.9% of budgetMILL CITY GROWS INC — $8,000 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetEARTHWALK VERMONT INC — $7,500 over 5y, 0.7% of budgetADAM KEENAN FOUNDATION INC CARE OF AUDREY KEENAN — $7,500 over 7y, 24% of budgetAppalachian Mountain Club — $7,000 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetLAKE CHAMPLAIN LAND TRUST INC — $7,000 over 6y, 0.2% of budgetFRIENDS OF THE WINOOSKI RIVER INC — $7,000 over 7y, 0.8% of budgetALAMEDA COUNTY COMMUNITY FOOD BANK — $7,000 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetLITTER KREWE CORP — $6,000 over 1y, 17% of budgetLOWELL HUMANE SOCIETY — $6,000 over 7y, 0.2% of budgetTHE GREEN MOUNTAIN CLUB INC DEBONIS — $6,000 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetNORTHERN STAGE COMPANY — $5,000 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetSPECTRUM YOUTH AND FAMILY SERVICES INC — $5,000 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetDOS MADRES PRESS INC — $5,000 over 1y, 89% of budgetNOISE POLLUTION CLEARINGHOUSE INC — $5,000 over 5y, 6.8% of budgetALS ONE INC — $4,000 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetVERMONT COUNCIL ON THE ARTS INC — $4,000 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetRURAL EDUCATION ACTION PROJECT — $4,000 over 3y, 0.5% of budgetANOTHER WAY INC — $3,500 over 3y, 0.3% of budgetPREVENT CHILD ABUSE VERMONT — $3,500 over 3y, 0.2% of budgetMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC — $3,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetTHE WALDORF SCHOOL INC — $3,000 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetGIRLS INCORPORATED OF GREATER LOWELL — $2,500 over 1y, 0.2% of budgetWATER FOR CAMBODIA A MIDDLETOWN CHARITABLE TRUST — $2,500 over 1y, 1.3% of budgetGIRLS INC — $2,500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetBOYS & GIRLS CLUB OF GREATER LOWELL INC — $2,000 over 2y, 0.1% of budgetRESIST INC — $2,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budget
Go grantee by grantee — a decade per org, and how each moved after you funded them

A decade per grantee — revenue shaded, your grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds ORCHARD VALLEY WALDORF SCHOOL INC
  • Who funds LOWELL PARKS & CONSERVATION TRUST
  • Who funds Pioneer Valley Poetry Productions Inc
  • Who funds Greater Lowell Community Foundation Inc
  • Who funds Mahoosuc Land Trust Inc
  • Who funds THE INITIATIVE A VERMONT WALDORF HIGH SCHOOL
  • Who funds GREENVILLE JUNCTION DEPOT FRIENDS
  • Who funds Natural Resources Council of Maine Inc
  • Who funds MOOSEHEAD MARINE MUSEUM
  • Who funds UPPER VALLEY SNOW SPORTS FOUNDATION
  • Who funds Bridgton Academy
  • Who funds THE LOWELL FESTIVAL FOUNDATION
  • Who funds CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL OF LAWRENCE INC
  • Who funds MAINE ADAPTIVE SPORTS & RECREATION
  • Who funds UTEC Inc
  • Who funds GOOD SAMARITAN HAVEN INC
  • Who funds White River Partnership Inc
  • Who funds CLEMMONS FAMILY FARM INC
  • Who funds Merrimack Repertory Theatre Inc
  • Who funds SCRAG MOUNTAIN MUSIC INC

The grantmakers whose grantees overlap with yours far more than size alone predicts. Each orbits closer the stronger the alignment; the arcs between them show where they also fund each other. Here it reads as a tightly interlocked camp — most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

The Vermont Community FoundationVT33.6× affinity16 shared granteesties to 5 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: The Vermont Community Foundation · Ben & Jerry's Foundation Inc · Fidelity Foundation · Eastern Bank Foundation · Aubert J Fay Charitable Fund · Richard K & Nancy L Donahue Charitable Foundation · Theodore Edson Parker Foundation · Demoulas Foundation · We Share A Common Thread Foundation Inc · Greater Lowell Community Foundation Inc · Salem Five Charitable Foundation Inc · Cummings Foundation Grants Inc (Fka Oneworld Boston Inc)

Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. A research starting point: overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

Government reliance of your grantees

Every dot is one organization Joseph P Donahue Charitable Foundation funds. Left–right is the share of its income from government; up–down is the share from you. Bigger dots raise more. Filter to federal, a single department, or state — and drag the year to watch it move.

2024
202122232425
no gov · 120%6%25%56%100%your share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from governmentmedian 7%
  • Another Way Inc74% of income from government
  • Good Samaritan Haven Inc63% of income from government
  • Prevent Child Abuse Vermont58% of income from government
  • Utec Inc46% of income from government
  • Upper Valley Haven38% of income from government
  • Boys & Girls Club of Greater Lowell Inc27% of income from government
  • Vermont Council On the Arts Inc20% of income from government
  • Greater Lowell Community Foundation Inc18% of income from government
  • The Green Mountain Club Inc Debonis17% of income from government
  • The Lowell Festival Foundation12% of income from government
  • Orchard Valley Waldorf School Inc10% of income from government
  • Clemmons Family Farm Inc9% of income from government
  • Mill City Grows Inc7% of income from government
  • Friends of the Winooski River Inc7% of income from government
  • Northern Stage Company5% of income from government
  • White River Partnership Inc4% of income from government
  • Merrimack Valley Food Bank Inc3% of income from government
  • Girls Incorporated of Greater Lowell3% of income from government
  • Shelburne Farms3% of income from government
  • Merrimack Repertory Theatre Inc2% of income from government
  • Resist Inc2% of income from government
  • Noise Pollution Clearinghouse Inc1% of income from government
  • Appalachian Mountain Club1% of income from government
  • Lake Champlain Land Trust Inc1% of income from government
  • Als One Inc1% of income from government
  • Central Catholic High School of Lawrence Inc0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
12get no government money at all
4report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
3rely on government for over half their income
typical government reliance, FY2025

Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending — grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that your grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first — a floor, not a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12–24 months.

05Through Plinth

Warm introductions · Powered by PlinthPlus

How do I get to Joseph P Donahue Charitable Foundation?

Find your warmest path to Joseph P Donahue Charitable Foundation through trustees and officers whose names appear on both boards. Search for your organization and Plinth traces the shortest route it can evidence.

Each link is a name appearing on two organizations’ public IRS 990 filings, matched on that name and, where the filings support it, on location. A same-state match has geographic support, which is a second matching feature rather than confirmation that the two are one person; a cross-state one is the likeliest to be two people who share a name. Every hop shows its tier, low-confidence and distant paths are held back rather than guessed, and it is worth confirming the person before you use the introduction.

On method. Every financial figure here is read directly from IRS e-file XML — your own 990/990-PF and the multi-year returns of the 134 grantees we resolved across every year we hold, several hundred filings in all (a different count from the grant rows on the cover, which are one fiscal year)— each linked to its source. Grantee achievements and outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III); we read these as association with sustained funding — the foundation is one of several forces — suppress low-confidence name matches rather than guess, and say so where a figure rests on a single grant or filing. Not everything on this page is a filed figure, and the difference matters. Filed is what you reported on your return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears. How we build these →

Generated from your IRS Form 990-PF e-file return for fiscal year 2024, released 2024. Filings run roughly 12–24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

More from the funding graph