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Arizona · Nonprofit

THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC

THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC (Arizona) receives grants from 58 organizations whose IRS filings report $6,198,643 to it, the largest being THE WILLIAM & FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION ($1,560,000). 35 of them have funded it in more than one year.

Revenue FY2025
$4.7M
Funders on record
58
Grants received
$6.2M
Net assets
$3.4M
35/58 repeat funderspeak grant-dependency 43%
01What it does

What The Sonoran Institute Inc does

Mission

The sonoran institute's mission is to connect people and communities with the natural resources that nourish and sustain them. We work at the nexus of commerce, community, and conservation to help people in the north american west build the communities they want to live in while preserving the values which brought them here. We envision a west where civil dialogue and collaboration are hallmarks of decision making, where people and wildlife live in harmony, and where clean water, air, and energy are assured.

As stated on its FY2025 Form 990.

Programs

  1. Colorado river delta program our vision for the colorado river is a river that flows continuously to the sea, supporting both healthy ecosystems and thriving communities. The overall goal of the program is to restore a functional corridor in the colorado river delta by creating a network of riparian and estuarine habitat sites that will sustain biodiversity and facilitate connectivity of river flows to the estuary. In fiscal year 2025, we evaluated progress towards achieving our goals and outcomes outlined in our current five-year strategic plan. Goal 1: the colorado river connects to the sea; with water for both healthy landscapes and thriving communities. Our target was to increase supply of water in the colorado river to 220 days of flow per year. The baseline was 147 days in 2020. In fy25 we accomplished an average of 207 days of connectivity between 2020-2024, representing 94% of our target. Goal 2: restore 2,860 acres of estuarine habitat. From a baseline in 2021 of 1,861 acres, we achieved 5,842 acres by 2025, representing 140% of the target. For laguna grande restoration area, our target was to restore 779 acres. By 2025 we accomplished 838 acres, representing 107% of our…

    $2,836,100 spent$1,054,243 earned by the program
    68% of program spending
  2. Growing water smart program: the growing water smart program addresses the challenges of an over- appropriated colorado river and surrounding aquifers, as well as the impacts of climate change that do not leave water for both healthy landscapes (environment) and thriving communities (people). The growing water smart program, offered in partnership with the babbitt center for land and water policy, a center of the lincoln institute of land policy, provides training and assistance to communities and water providers to establish plans, policies and programs that conserve municipal water and use it sustainably in communities across arizona, colorado, california, utah and the us-mexico border region. In our growing water smart workshops and follow-up assistance, an interdisciplinary team of land-use planners, water providers, and government officials assess their community's water challenges, and identify and implement strategies to reduce water demand in new and existing development and manage water sustainably and holistically into the future. 1. Held growing water smart workshop in colorado on september 9-11, 2024. Six communities participated: city of fort lupton, town of mead and…

    $743,429 spentof which $119,703 as grants$299,945 earned by the program
    18% of program spending
  3. Santa cruz river program sonoran institute's santa cruz river program's vision is for a living, flowing river that is the foundation of community health and prosperity from mexico to marana. 1. Living rivers reports were launched in 2008, when sonoran institute began tracking conditions of the stretch of the santa cruz river in santa cruz county that flows year-round. The effort expanded in partnership with pima country and the regional flood control district in 2012, and the city of tucson in 2020, to report on conditions in the flowing reaches in pima county. Living reports for are online at www.sonoraninstitute.org. This year: -for the fourth year in a row, sonoran institute published our living river reports for both the tucson and nogales reaches of the santa cruz river. The tucson report was distributed to nearly 12,000 households and the nogales report was distributed to nearly 3,000 households in december 2025 (+1,000 more attributable to crown funding). 2. Our 15th annual santa cruz river research days symposium took place april 29-30, 2025 with a field trip on may 1, at pima community college's downtown campus in tucson and online as a hybrid event. This year's theme,…

    $590,734 spent$131,615 earned by the program
    14% of program spending
  4. One basin program the one basin program brings people with competing interests, who speak different languages, and have diverse backgrounds together to find equitable, workable, effective solutions to address water challenges in the colorado river basin. The goal of the program is that the colorado river is managed in a more holistic, inclusive, and adaptive fashion to benefit communities and wildlife. 1. Supported the tribal water managers network with webinars and in-person meetings providing tribal water managers with peer-learning opportunities. 2. Refined proposals for governance of a binational endowment fund for the colorado river delta. 3. Engaged with the cucupa on options for permanent protection of the colorado river delta.

    $28,835 spentof which $4,188 as grants$30,000 earned by the program
    1% of program spending

The 4 programs described on its FY2024 Form 990, listed largest first by expense. Program spending in total: $4,199,098.

02The organization over time

The organization over time

Each line starts at 100 in 2017, so what you read is the shape rather than the size: 150 means half as much again as 2017, 50 means half. The number beside each label in the key is where it ended. The shaded band is where the middle 50% of its peers' revenue would sit, given their growth.

100 = 20172017 Revenue 100 ($3.1M) Expenses 100 ($3.0M) Net assets 100 ($2.1M)2018 Revenue 106 ($3.3M) Expenses 112 ($3.3M) Net assets 100 ($2.2M)2019 Revenue 91 ($2.8M) Expenses 105 ($3.1M) Net assets 88 ($1.9M)2020 Revenue 115 ($3.6M) Expenses 115 ($3.4M) Net assets 93 ($2.0M)2021 Revenue 90 ($2.8M) Expenses 89 ($2.6M) Net assets 119 ($2.6M)2022 Revenue 96 ($3.0M) Expenses 91 ($2.7M) Net assets 114 ($2.5M)2023 Revenue 132 ($4.1M) Expenses 94 ($2.8M) Net assets 176 ($3.8M)2024 Revenue 129 ($4.0M) Expenses 146 ($4.3M) Net assets 167 ($3.6M)2025 Revenue 152 ($4.7M) Expenses 168 ($5.0M) Net assets 156 ($3.4M)
'17'18'19'20'21'22'23'24'25
Revenue (152)Expenses (168)Net assets (156)Peer revenue range

Balance sheet

Total assets and total liabilities at each year end, in dollars. The largest one-year move in total assets was 2022 to 2023, from $4.0M to $5.3M (+32%).

$2.7M
$2.8M
$3.1M
$3.8M
$4.2M
$4.0M
$5.3M
$4.8M
$4.4M
'17'18'19'20'21'22'23'24'25
Total assetsTotal liabilities

How it's funded, over time

Each bar is one year's revenue split into where it came from, and every bar is the same height — these are shares, not amounts, so a year that raised twice as much looks the same size. Hover a bar for the split.

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
ContributionsProgram revenueInvestmentOther

Government-grant reliance: 2017 11% · 2018 6% · 2019 16% · 2020 21% · 2021 21% · 2022 18% · 2023 9% · 2024 42% · 2025 47%. Grants only. Government contracts and fees sit inside program revenue.

65% of THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC’s revenue is contributions — more donation-reliant than the typical peer (48% for the typical peer).

This organization
Typical peer · 12,360 orgs

Surplus & reserves

Operating surplus or deficit each year, and months of liquidity in hand. 4 of the last 9 reported years ran a deficit.

$128k
’17
−$50k
’18
−$281k
’19
$132k
’20
$171k
’21
$277k
’22
$1.3M
’23
−$349k
’24
−$278k
’25
2.5
months of
reserve

Leadership and staff

The officers, directors, trustees and key employees listed on each return. Joined and no longer listed compare each filing with the year before, matching people by surname and first initial; a year after a gap, or a roster under three people, has no comparison.

Chief executive

Michael Zellner

CEO

Board chair

Dan Kimball

Chair

As listed on its FY2025 Form 990.

The chief executive listed changed between the FY2020 and FY2021 filings.

'17'18'19'20'21'22'23'24'25
Listed192627252725181825
Joined·+9+3+1+4+0+1+2+7
No longer listed·22322820
03Who funds it

Who funds it, year by year

2017 → 2023: the base narrowed from 20 funders to 19 funders, grant income fell $1.3M → $651k.

14 of 58 of your funders are donor-advised or pass-through sponsors (tagged DAF) — 30% of grant dollars received. That money is really individual donors directing a sponsor; the institutions to cultivate are the non-DAF funders.

From the IRS filings of THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC’s funders (the co-funder graph). Top 30 of 58 funders by total. Association, not causation. Trends are read to FY2023, the last fiscal year that has finished arriving. FY2024–FY2026 are still being filed and are shown unshaded; they do not move any figure on this page.

How concentrated its funding is

THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC has a broad base — no single funder exceeds 25% of grant income, and it takes 4 funders to reach half.

the vertical line marks half of all grant income — 4 funders to its left

34% of the income these shares are computed over arrives through pass-through sponsors or from payers whose filings do not say what kind of payment it is. Concentration is still measured over all of it, because the money is real; what it does not support is a claim about how many institutions have chosen to fund THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC.

25%
largest funder
46%
top three
~10
effective funders

Largest funder’s share by year: 2017 60% · 2018 65% · 2019 35% · 2020 36% · 2021 35% · 2022 18% · 2023 31% — diversifying over time.

“Effective funders” = inverse Herfindahl index (1 / Σ shareᵢ²) — the number of equal-sized funders that would give the same concentration. Trends are read to FY2023, the last fiscal year that has finished arriving. FY2024–FY2026 are still being filed and are shown unshaded; they do not move any figure on this page.

How long its funders stay

41% of THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC's funders are still giving 3 years after their first grant; 60% give in more than one year at all.

first grant+1y+2y+3y+4y+5y+6y

Share of funders still giving k years after their first recorded grant, pooled across every acquisition cohort. A funder counts as retained in a year only if it made a grant that year. Measured to FY2023, the last fiscal year that has finished arriving — a funder cannot be counted as lapsed in a year most filers have not reached.

Where its funders are

THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC draws 93% of its grant income from funders outside Arizona, across 18 states in all.

WA
MT
IL
WI
NY
OR
WY
PA
CA
CO
MO
DE
AZ
KS
NC
DC
LA
FL

In-state vs out-of-state, by year

’17
’18
’19
’20
’21
’22
’23
Arizona out of state home

Funder states come from each funder’s own filing. $1.8M arriving through sponsors registered in 10 states is excluded from the map and the split above: a sponsor holds money on a donor’s behalf, so its registered address would place those dollars somewhere no donor need ever have been. Trends are read to FY2023, the last fiscal year that has finished arriving. FY2024–FY2026 are still being filed and are shown unshaded; they do not move any figure on this page.

04Its place in the field

Against its field

THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC's revenue grew 52% between 2017 and 2025.

Operating margin−6% · bottom quartile
Months of reserve2.5mo · below the median
Revenue growth (annualized)5% · below the median

this organization peer median middle 50% of peers· 9,615 education nonprofits $1M–$10M, FY2025

Government funding THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC receives

Grants and contracts to this organization from federal (USASpending) and state checkbooks, reconciled to its EIN. $449k on record.

Federal$449k
grants $449kcontracts $0
18
22
Top agencies
  • Department of the Interior$449k

Federal grants vs contracts are distinguished; state line items keep their reported category. Matched by name + geography (the BMF), so coverage is partial and precision-first.

Organizations like THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC

Organizations whose mission and program text most resemble this one, by semantic similarity over every organization in the US filings — the closest peers, and often the clearest route to shared or prospective funders.

In Arizona

Nationally

05Profile & governance

Read directly from this organization’s own Form 990, as neutral context.

Where the money goes

84% of spending goes to programs.

Program 84%Management 10%Fundraising 6%

Governance

23
board members
100%
independent
✓Conflict-of-interest policy✓Whistleblower policy✓Document retention–Board reviewed the 990✓Audited financials

Public support

69%

Share of support from the public (Schedule A) — the basis for its public-charity status.

Footprint & structure

Part of a family of 2 related entities

  • The Sonoran Institute Mexico Ac · exempt
  • Santa Lucia Conservancy · exempt

Screen this organization

A dated, signed PDF of the compliance screen for THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC: IRS status (Business Master File, Publication 78, auto-revocation), the OFAC sanctions lists, the Internal Revenue Bulletin, and California registration, with the Rev. Proc. 2018-32 §8.01 reliance elements stated element by element. Generated from the current files at the moment you download it.

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Screens are triage, not determinations; a source that cannot be read reports not screened, never clear. Screen this nonprofit · How the screen works · on the API as GET /api/screening/{ein}?format=pdf

Questions and answers

Who funds THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC?
THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC (Arizona) receives grants from 58 organizations whose IRS filings report $6,198,643 to it, the largest being THE WILLIAM & FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION ($1,560,000). 35 of them have funded it in more than one year.
How many funders does THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC have?
IRS filings report 58 organizations giving $6,198,643 in grants to THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC, 35 of which have funded it in more than one year.
Who is the largest funder of THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC?
THE WILLIAM & FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION is the largest funder on record, with $1,560,000 in grants. The full list of funders is on this page.
How can an organization like THE SONORAN INSTITUTE INC find more funders?
Start with the funders already giving here, then look at the foundations that back similar organizations in Arizona. The funding by cause and by state pages list the largest funders for a given area and how to approach them.

These figures are read directly from IRS Form 990 / 990-PF e-file XML: this organization’s own return for FY2025 (financials across 2017–2025), and the filings of 58 funders that report grants to it. “On record” means captured in the filings we have parsed — a funder that does not e-file, or whose grant detail is not itemized, will not appear. Filings run roughly 12–24 months behind. Trends on this page end at FY2023, the last fiscal year that has finished arriving; later years are shown and marked, and move no figure. Data on this page was exported October 22, 2026. What this page cannot tell you · view filing