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Axe-Houghton Foundation at a glance

· Private foundation

Axe-Houghton Foundation

Its FY2026 filing reports that it funds preselected organizations and did not take unsolicited requests; check the foundation's own site before ruling it out.

$425k
Granted FY2026still arriving
50
Grants FY2026still arriving
1
States reached
$14k
Largest
01What it fundsRead
02The needRead
03Its granteesRead
04Its fieldRead
05Through PlinthRead
01What it funds
01100% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2026.

Arts & Culture$3.1MEducation$596kCivil Rights$11kPhilanthropy$10kEnvironment$100
02FY2026 · 50 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

By grant size · FY2026

  • Under $10k42 grants · $332k
  • $10k–50k8 grants · $93k
$8,500
Median grant
1
States reached
$8.2M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
DE LA SALLE ACADEMY$14,000
JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER$13,000
JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER$13,000
STUTTERING ASSOCIATION FOR THE YOUNG INC$12,000
NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC$11,000
CSC REPERTORY LTD$10,000
SYMPHONY SPACE INC$10,000
RED BULL THEATER INC$10,000
GIRL BE HEARD INSTITUTE$9,500
EPIC THEATRE CENTER INC$9,500
IRISH REPERTORY THEATRE COMPANY INC$9,500
NATIONAL ASIAN-AMERICAN THEATRE COMPANY$9,500
URBAN WORD NYC INC$9,000
PREGONES PUERTO RICAN TRAVELING THEATER INC$9,000
NATIONAL BLACK THEATRE WORKSHOP INCORPORATED$9,000
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Dollar for dollar, its grants (FY17–26) land where the poverty rate runs at 18%, against an area that typically sits at 12%. 100% of its dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 12%EPIC THEATRE CENTER INC: $10k → 13%NATIONAL BLACK THEATRE WORKSHOP INCORPORATED: $9k → 17%EPIC THEATRE CENTER INC: $10k → 13%GIRL BE HEARD INSTITUTE: $10k → 20%GIRL BE HEARD INSTITUTE: $10k → 20%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $12k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $12k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $11k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $11k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $11k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $11k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $10k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $10k → 17%NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $10k → 17%RED BULL THEATER INC: $10k → 17%IRISH REPERTORY THEATRE COMPANY INC: $10k → 17%RED BULL THEATER INC: $10k → 17%STUTTERING ASSOCIATION FOR THE YOUNG INC: $12k → 17%STUTTERING ASSOCIATION FOR THE YOUNG INC: $10k → 17%NATIONAL ASIAN-AMERICAN THEATRE COMPANY: $10k → 17%NATIONAL ASIAN-AMERICAN THEATRE COMPANY: $10k → 17%THE POETRY PROJECT LIMITED: $10k → 17%CSC REPERTORY LTD: $10k → 17%CSC REPERTORY LTD: $10k → 17%CSC REPERTORY LTD: $10k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $13k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $13k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $12k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $12k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $11k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $11k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $10k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $10k → 17%SYMPHONY SPACE INC: $10k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $10k → 17%SYMPHONY SPACE INC: $10k → 17%JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $14k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $13k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $12k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%NEW DRAMATISTS INC: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $10k → 17%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

98%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$3.6M · 77 repeat orgs$65k to everyone else

Grantees it renews have grown median revenue +18% since the first grant, against -5% for those funded once.

77 repeat relationships: 48 still active in FY2026, 29 since wound down; 1 grantees were first funded in FY2026 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

77
16

Total granted

$3.6M
$59k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+18%
-5%

Still filing today

96%
81%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2026, 99% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $6k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25’26
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25’26
Arts & CultureEducationHealthPhilanthropyEnvironmentYouth DevelopmentOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • JR
    JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER INC
    10× · 2017–2026 · $184k · revenue +45%
  • DL
    DE LA SALLE ACADEMY
    10× · 2017–2026 · $109k · revenue +19%
  • NY
    NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC
    10× · 2017–2026 · $104k · revenue +243%

Funded once

  • PT
    PEARL THEATRE CO INC
    one grant, 2017 · $6k
  • TS
    THE SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY OF AMERICA INC
    one grant, 2017 · $6k · revenue -24%
  • MF
    MA-YI FILIPINO THEATRE ENSEMBLE INC DBA MA-YI THEATER COMPANY
    one grant, 2022 · $6k · revenue -9%
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Susan Smith Blackburn Prize Inc
—
2
Staretthe Directors Company Inc

The Directors Company is an award-winning not-for-profit theatre company with an extraordinary record in its mission to develop and produce groundbreaking new plays and musicals initiated and generated by outstanding directorial talent,…

Arts & Culture
3
Manhattan Theatre Club Inc

Mtc's work includes producing and developing new work on and off-broadway, nurturing artists throughout their careers, and positively impacting the lives of many through innovative education programs. we are committed to equity, diversity…

Arts & Culture
4
Titan Productions Incorporated

Titan theatre company is committed to breathing new life and clarity into classical works of theatre, exploring new and contemporary language plays, and delivering adventurous and visceral theatrical experiences for our audiences and…

Arts & Culture
5
The Russian Arts Theatre and Studio

Develop recognition of international theater

Arts & Culture
6
The American Playwriting Foundation
—
7
The Center for International Theatre Development
Arts & Culture
8
Theatre Now New York Inc

To facilitate the creation and development of theatrical works through readings, workshops and work in progress presentations.

Arts & Culture
9
Lively Productions

Lively productions presents new work for the stage by emerging artists, and seeks to create innovative theatrical opportunities in a world increasingly defined by real time interactions and new technologies

Arts & Culture
10
The Brick Theater Inc

Production of original theater at its Brooklyn, NY space.

Arts & Culture
11
Nicus Spoon Inc

The production of theater for and with disabled and marginalized artists. also the creation of NY theatrical standards.

Arts & Culture
12
White Horse Theater Company

Producing & developing American plays.

—
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is New York Theatre Workshop Inc; the most unlike its peers is Candid. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

92 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2026, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 92 of the 94 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

0
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
25
Early backer (in before they grew)
88/92
Grantees still filing
52/92
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

EPIC THEATRE CENTER INC: $84,500 · Arts & CultureNEW YORK THEATRE WORKSHOP INC: $79,500 · Arts & Culture+62 more: $2,197,000 · Arts & Culture+62 moreCSC REPERTORY LTD D/B/A CLASSIC STAGE COMPANY: $91,500 · OtherCSC REPERTORY LTD D…THE SYMPHONY SPACE INC: $83,500 · OtherTHE SYMPHONY SPACE …THE IRISH REPERTORY THEATRE COMPANYINC: $68,500 · OtherTHE IRISH REPERTORY…National Asian American Theatre Company: $65,500 · OtherNational Asian Amer…THE WORKING THEATRE CO INC: $55,000 · OtherTHE WORKING THEATRE…RATTLESTICK PRODUCTIONS INC: $53,500 · OtherRATTLESTICK PRODUCT…ENGLISH SPEAKING UNION OF THE UNITED STATES: $51,000 · OtherENGLISH SPEAKING UN…Irondale Productions Inc: $46,500 · OtherIrondale Production…THE POETRY PROJECT LTD: $35,000 · OtherTHE POETRY PROJECT …LARK THEATRE COMPANY INC: $29,000 · Other+7 more: $43,500 · Other+7 moreJUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER INC: $184,000 · EducationJUSTICE RESOURCE C…DE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $108,500 · EducationDE LA SALLE ACADEM…NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $104,000 · EducationNEW YORK CITY URBA…URBAN WORD NYC INC: $68,000 · EducationURBAN WORD NYC INCCOMMUNITY-WORD PROJECT INC: $48,500 · EducationCOMMUNITY-WORD PRO…THE FOUNDATION FOR CITY COLLEGE: $33,000 · EducationTHE FOUNDATION FOR…LEARNING THROUGH AN EXPANDED ARTS PROGRAM INC: $30,500 · Education+2 more: $23,851 · EducationTHEATER BREAKING THROUGH BARRIERS CORP: $60,000 · HealthHUNTS POINT ALLIANCE FOR CHILDREN: $52,000 · Youth DevelopmentCANDID: $10,000 · PhilanthropySHERIFF'S MEADOW FOUNDATION: $100 · Environment
Arts & Culture$2,361,000Other$622,500Education$600,351Health$60,000Youth Development$52,000Philanthropy$10,000Environment$100

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetJUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER INC: $184,000 over 10y, 4.5% of budgetDE LA SALLE ACADEMY: $108,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetNEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC: $104,000 over 10y, 1.0% of budgetCSC REPERTORY LTD D/B/A CLASSIC STAGE COMPANY: $91,500 over 10y, 0.6% of budgetEPIC THEATRE CENTER INC: $84,500 over 10y, 1.0% of budgetTHE SYMPHONY SPACE INC: $83,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetNEW YORK THEATRE WORKSHOP INC: $79,500 over 10y, 0.1% of budgetMANHATTAN CLASS COMPANY INC: $78,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetSTUTTERING ASSOCIATION FOR THE YOUNG INC: $78,000 over 10y, 0.3% of budgetGIRL BE HEARD INSTITUTE: $74,000 over 10y, 1.5% of budgetTHEATRE FOR A NEW AUDIENCE INC: $72,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetMINT THEATER COMPANY INC: $71,000 over 10y, 1.0% of budgetRED BULL THEATER INC: $70,000 over 10y, 0.6% of budgetNew DramatistsInc: $69,500 over 8y, 0.7% of budgetTHE IRISH REPERTORY THEATRE COMPANYINC: $68,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetURBAN WORD NYC INC: $68,000 over 10y, 1.3% of budgetLA MAMA EXPERIMENTAL THEATRE CLUB INC: $66,000 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetNational Asian American Theatre Company: $65,500 over 9y, 4.5% of budgetNEW YORK CLASSICAL THEATRE INC: $65,000 over 10y, 2.0% of budgetGROUP I ACTING COMPANY INC: $62,000 over 10y, 0.7% of budgetVINEYARD THEATRE AND WORKSHOP CENTER INC: $61,500 over 10y, 0.2% of budgetSOHO REPERTORY THEATRE INC: $61,000 over 10y, 0.4% of budgetASIAN AMERICAN WRITERS WORKSHOP INC: $60,500 over 10y, 1.9% of budgetTHE PLAY PRODUCTION COMPANY INC: $60,000 over 10y, 1.2% of budgetTHEATER BREAKING THROUGH BARRIERS CORP: $60,000 over 10y, 1.7% of budgetENSEMBLE STUDIO THEATRE INC: $58,500 over 10y, 0.8% of budgetThe Civilians Inc: $57,000 over 10y, 1.0% of budgetPAGE SEVENTY-THREE PRODUCTIONS INC: $57,000 over 10y, 1.1% of budgetClubbed Thumb Inc: $56,500 over 10y, 0.7% of budgetTHE CLASSICAL THEATRE OF HARLEM INC: $56,500 over 10y, 0.4% of budgetTHE WORKING THEATRE CO INC: $55,000 over 10y, 1.7% of budgetRATTLESTICK PRODUCTIONS INC: $53,500 over 10y, 0.5% of budgetHUNTS POINT ALLIANCE FOR CHILDREN: $52,000 over 9y, 0.4% of budgetCOMMUNITY-WORD PROJECT INC: $48,500 over 10y, 0.4% of budgetTHE BUSHWICK STARR INC: $48,500 over 9y, 0.5% of budgetPrimary Stages Company Inc: $48,000 over 8y, 0.4% of budgetTheater Labrador Inc dba New Georges: $47,000 over 8y, 1.3% of budgetIrondale Productions Inc: $46,500 over 9y, 0.7% of budgetThe Theatre of the Emerging American Moment Inc: $45,000 over 9y, 1.6% of budgetOpen Channels New York Inc dba Dixon Place: $43,000 over 8y, 1.6% of budgetTHE MOVEMENT THEATRE COMPANY INC: $42,000 over 6y, 2.9% of budgetTHE NATIONAL BLACK THEATRE WORKSHOP: $41,000 over 5y, 0.2% of budgetNEW YORK STAGE AND FILM INC: $41,000 over 8y, 0.6% of budgetPREGONES PUERTO RICAN TRAVELING THEATER INC: $39,500 over 5y, 0.3% of budgetOpening Act Inc: $37,500 over 7y, 0.8% of budgetLATINX PLAYWRIGHTS CIRCLE INC: $37,000 over 5y, 6.9% of budgetTHE NEW GROUP INC: $35,000 over 6y, 0.3% of budgetTHE POETRY PROJECT LTD: $35,000 over 8y, 1.8% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds JUSTICE RESOURCE CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds DE LA SALLE ACADEMY ↗
  • Who funds NEW YORK CITY URBAN DEBATE LEAGUE INC ↗
  • Who funds CSC REPERTORY LTD D/B/A CLASSIC STAGE COMPANY ↗
  • Who funds EPIC THEATRE CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds THE SYMPHONY SPACE INC ↗
  • Who funds NEW YORK THEATRE WORKSHOP INC ↗
  • Who funds MANHATTAN CLASS COMPANY INC ↗
  • Who funds STUTTERING ASSOCIATION FOR THE YOUNG INC ↗
  • Who funds GIRL BE HEARD INSTITUTE ↗
  • Who funds THEATRE FOR A NEW AUDIENCE INC ↗
  • Who funds MINT THEATER COMPANY INC ↗
  • Who funds RED BULL THEATER INC ↗
  • Who funds New DramatistsInc ↗
  • Who funds THE IRISH REPERTORY THEATRE COMPANYINC ↗
  • Who funds URBAN WORD NYC INC ↗
  • Who funds LA MAMA EXPERIMENTAL THEATRE CLUB INC ↗
  • Who funds National Asian American Theatre Company ↗
  • Who funds NEW YORK CLASSICAL THEATRE INC ↗
  • Who funds GROUP I ACTING COMPANY INC ↗
  • Who funds VINEYARD THEATRE AND WORKSHOP CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds SOHO REPERTORY THEATRE INC ↗
  • Who funds ASIAN AMERICAN WRITERS WORKSHOP INC ↗
  • Who funds THE PLAY PRODUCTION COMPANY INC ↗
  • Who funds THEATER BREAKING THROUGH BARRIERS CORP ↗
  • Who funds ENSEMBLE STUDIO THEATRE INC ↗
  • Who funds The Civilians Inc ↗
  • Who funds PAGE SEVENTY-THREE PRODUCTIONS INC ↗
  • Who funds Clubbed Thumb Inc ↗
  • Who funds THE CLASSICAL THEATRE OF HARLEM INC ↗
  • Who funds THE WORKING THEATRE CO INC ↗
  • Who funds RATTLESTICK PRODUCTIONS INC ↗
  • Who funds HUNTS POINT ALLIANCE FOR CHILDREN ↗
  • Who funds COMMUNITY-WORD PROJECT INC ↗
  • Who funds THE BUSHWICK STARR INC ↗
  • Who funds Primary Stages Company Inc ↗
  • Who funds Theater Labrador Inc dba New Georges ↗
  • Who funds Irondale Productions Inc ↗
  • Who funds The Theatre of the Emerging American Moment Inc ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

The Howard Gilman Fou…The Shubert Foundatio…The Lucille Lortel Fo…Alliance of Resident …The Hyde and Watson F…The Andrew W Mellon F…The Ford FoundationJerome Foundation IncBooth Ferris Foundati…Barbara Bell Cumming …Richenthal FoundationThe Macmillan Family …
The Howard Gilman Foundation IncNY110.3× affinity54 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: The Howard Gilman Foundation Inc · The Shubert Foundation Inc · The Lucille Lortel Foundation Inc · Alliance of Resident Theatres New York Inc · The Hyde and Watson Foundation · The Andrew W Mellon Foundation · The Ford Foundation · Jerome Foundation Inc · Booth Ferris Foundation Xxxxx4008 · Barbara Bell Cumming Foundation Co Kelley Drye & Warren LLP · Richenthal Foundation · The Macmillan Family Foundation Inc

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization Axe-Houghton Foundation funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from Axe-Houghton Foundation. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 00%1%4%8%15%funder's share of their income ↑0%23%45%68%90%share of the org’s income from government →median 2%
  • Sheriff's Meadow Foundation: 2% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
0get no government money at all
33report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
⤢ axis zoomed · 0–90%
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.
05Through Plinth

Warm introductions · Powered by PlinthPlus

How do I get to Axe-Houghton Foundation?

Find your warmest path to Axe-Houghton Foundation through trustees and officers whose names appear on both boards. Search for your organization and Plinth traces the shortest route it can evidence.

Each link is a name appearing on two organizations’ public IRS 990 filings, matched on that name and, where the filings support it, on location. A same-state match has geographic support, which is a second matching feature rather than confirmation that the two are one person; a cross-state one is the likeliest to be two people who share a name. Every hop shows its tier, low-confidence and distant paths are held back rather than guessed, and it is worth confirming the person before you use the introduction.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 94 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990-PF e-file return for fiscal year 2026, released 2026. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

Play a game based on Axe-Houghton’s filings →

More from the funding graph

The unnamed billions
grants reported with no recipient in the public record
The regranting layer
51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
The DAF merry-go-round
$9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
The endowment market
who holds foundation money, and what just moved
The camps
funders cluster by geography, not ideology
By state
where grant money is based, and what stays home