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· Private foundation

The Lewis M & Esther Perlstein Family Foundation

Its FY2025 filing reports that it funds preselected organizations and did not take unsolicited requests; check the foundation's own site before ruling it out.

$42k
Granted FY2025still arriving
58
Grants FY2025still arriving
14
States reached
$8k
Largest
01What it funds
0195% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2025.

Religion$77kHealth$74kAnimals$47kEducation$28kInternational$23kCivil Rights$20kEnvironment$18kHuman Services$17kOther$0
02FY2025 · 58 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

$400
Median grant
14
States reached
$514k
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
CALIFORNIA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION - WILDLIFE RECOVERY FUND$8,000
TEMPLE SHALOM$3,000
TEMPLE EMUNAH$3,000
NATURE BRIDGE$2,000
PETA - PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS$1,750
INOVA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES$1,750
CONGREGATION OF AGUDAT ACHIM$1,500
BRADY CENTER TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE$1,500
PLANNED PARENTHOOD$1,250
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE$1,200
APDA - AMERICAN PARKINSON'S DISEASE ASSOCIATION$1,000
FRIENDS OF BORDERLAND$1,000
WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT$800
WORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN$750
INSTITUTE FOR SHIPBOARD EDUCATION$700
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY17–25, $14k) land where the poverty rate runs at 11%, against an area that typically sits at 9%. 63% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 9%CHILDHELP: $1k → 11%AMERICAN RED CROSS: $1k → 11%BOYS TOWN: $100 → 12%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $1k → 14%JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE - METROWEST: $425 → 8%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $800 → 14%JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE - METROWEST: $300 → 8%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $685 → 14%JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTH VIRGINIA: $2k → 6%JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE - METROWEST: $250 → 8%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $635 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $600 → 14%JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE - METROWEST: $250 → 8%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $600 → 14%POZEZ JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA: $875 → 6%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $500 → 14%POZEZ JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA: $875 → 6%JEWISH FAMILY SERVICE - METROWEST: $150 → 8%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $450 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $250 → 14%JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER: $513 → 6%PINE STREET INN: $800 → 16%PINE STREET INN: $500 → 16%SUNFLOWER OF PEACE FOUNDATION: $125 → 8%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.

Which US states its grants reach

ME
VT
NH
IL
WI
NY
MA
PA
CT
CA
CO
NE
MO
VA
MD
AZ
DC
AL
GA
TX
FL
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

82%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$306k · 93 repeat orgs$68k to everyone else

Grantees it renews have grown median revenue +42% since the first grant, against +6% for those funded once.

93 repeat relationships: 40 still active in FY2025, 53 since wound down; 17 grantees were first funded in FY2025 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

93
73

Total granted

$306k
$53k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+42%
+6%

Still filing today

56%
56%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2025, 66% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $14k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
HealthAnimalsInternationalEnvironmentHuman ServicesEducationOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • CA
    CONWAY AREA HUMANE SOCIETY
    2× · 2017–2018 · $11k · revenue +104%
  • FO
    Friends of Borderland Inc
    7× · 2019–2025 · $7k · revenue +486%
  • TA
    THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
    9× · 2017–2025 · $6k · revenue +80%

Funded once

  • JU
    JDC UKRAINE RELIEF ACTIVITIES
    one grant, 2022 · $4k
  • SAVE THE MANATEE CLUB INC
    one grant, 2021 · $4k · revenue -60%
  • BF
    BEST FRIENDS ANIMAL SOCIETY
    one grant, 2023 · $3k
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Conservation International Foundation

Ci works to spotlight and secure the critical benefits that nature provides to humanity.

Environment
2
Rainforest Trust

Rainforest trust saves endangered wildlife and protects our planet by creating rainforest reserves through partnerships, community engagement, and donor support.

International
3
Friends of the Earth

Friends of the earth strives for a more healthy and just world by defendng the environment and human health while advancing social and economic justice by conducting research and education, transforming the economy so it protects the…

Environment
4
Oceana Inc

To advocate for policy changes by governments and corporations in order to preserve ocean life and return the oceans to their former abundance.

Environment
5
The Union of Concerned Scientists Inc

The union of concerned scientists puts rigorous, independent science into action, developing solutions and advocating for a healthy, safe, and just future.

International
6
Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States Inc

The fsmb serves as the voice for state medical boards, supporting them through education, assessment, research and advocacy while providing services and initiatives that promote patient safety, quality health care and regulatory best…

Health
7
The Water Research Foundation

The purpose of the water research foundation (wrf) is a definitive research organization to advance the science of all things water to better meet the evolving needs of its subscribers and the water sector. to engage exclusively in…

Environment
8
Project Drawdown

Project drawdown's mission is to drive meaningful climate action by advancing science-based solutions and strategies. project drawdown's work is focused on three pillars: science - advancing science-based climate solutions and strategies;…

Education
9
American Association for the Advancement of Science

Advance science, engineering, and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all. the world's largest multidisciplinary scientific society and a leading publisher of cutting-edge research through its science family of journals,…

Science & Tech
10
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Foundation

To engage and catalyze global seafood supply chains in rebuilding depleted fish stocks and reducing the environmental impacts of fishing and fish farming.

Animals
11
American Flood Coalition Inc

To drive transformational adaptation to protect communities across the country from higher seas, stronger storms, and more frequent flooding.

Environment
12
Asco Association

Asco association promotes the common business interests of its members by: (1) advocating for policies that improve the quality of cancer care; (2) maintaining the highest standards of oncology medical care through programs supporting…

Community Improvement
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Jewish Family Service of Metrowest Inc; the most unlike its peers is Coalition for Democracy and Human Rights in Iran. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

109 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2026, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 109 of the 185 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

1
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
22
Early backer (in before they grew)
104/109
Grantees still filing
74/109
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

TEMPLE EMUNAH: $27,000 · OtherTEMPLE EMUNAHTEMPLE SHALOM INC: $21,145 · OtherTEMPLE SHALOM INCCONGREGATION OF AGUDAT ACHIM: $18,185 · OtherCONGREGATION OF AGUDAT ACHIMPLANNED PARENTHOOD: $10,088 · OtherNORTH CONWAY PUBLIC LIBRARY: $10,000 · Other+117 more: $159,154 · Other+117 moreCONWAY AREA HUMANE SOCIETY: $10,500 · AnimalsCONWAY AR…THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS: $6,350 · AnimalsTHE AMERI…SAVE THE MANATEE CLUB INC: $4,000 · AnimalsSAVE THE …WILDLIFE CENTER OF VENICE INC: $3,250 · AnimalsWILDLIFE …TRUE & FAITHFUL PET RESCUE MISSION INC: $3,000 · AnimalsTRUE & FA…BAYPATH HUMANE SOCIETY OF HOPKINTON INC: $1,850 · AnimalsBAYPATH H…PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS INC: $1,750 · AnimalsPEOPLE FO…+5 more: $1,505 · AnimalsAmerican Heart Association Inc: $5,669 · HealthAmerican …Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: $4,850 · HealthDana-Farb…BLOOD CANCER UNITED INC: $4,750 · HealthBLOOD CAN…White Mountain Community Health Center: $4,000 · HealthWhite Mou…CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH ASSOCIATION: $4,000 · HealthCHARCOT-M…SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN: $1,800 · HealthSHRINERS …CONNECTICUT CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER: $1,750 · HealthCONNECTIC…Scarring Alopecia Foundation: $1,700 · Health+6 more: $3,523 · Health+6 moreSave The Children Federation Inc: $4,700 · InternationalWORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN INC: $4,350 · InternationalDIRECT RELIEF: $3,775 · InternationalTHE INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION IN JAFFA INC: $3,000 · InternationalWATERORG: $2,025 · InternationalMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC: $1,400 · InternationalWATER FOR PEOPLE: $1,000 · InternationalSURGICAL EYE EXPEDITIONS INTERNATIONAL INC: $1,000 · International+3 more: $1,000 · InternationalNATUREBRIDGE: $6,000 · EnvironmentTIN MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION CENTER INC: $3,000 · EnvironmentOCEAN CONSERVANCY: $2,000 · EnvironmentTHE TRURO CONSERVATION TRUST: $1,175 · EnvironmentWORLD WILDLIFE FUND INC: $1,000 · EnvironmentCENTER FOR CARBON REMOVAL: $1,000 · EnvironmentTHE LAMB CENTER: $850 · EnvironmentTHE TRUSTEES OF RESERVATIONS: $650 · Environment+3 more: $1,050 · EnvironmentWOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC: $5,620 · Human ServicesJEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA INC: $3,350 · Human ServicesJEWISH FAMILY SERVICE OF METROWEST INC: $1,375 · Human ServicesPINE STREET INN INC: $1,300 · Human ServicesAmerican National Red Cross & Its Constituent Chapters and Branches: $1,000 · Human ServicesCHILDHELP INC: $1,000 · Human ServicesJEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF RICHMOND: $513 · Human ServicesJOURNEY HOME INC: $500 · Human Services+2 more: $225 · Human ServicesTHE CARROLL SCHOOL: $6,000 · EducationINSTITUTE FOR SHIPBOARD EDUCATION: $4,900 · EducationTHE TRUSTEES OF THE CUSHING ACADEMY: $1,400 · EducationLASELL UNIVERSITY: $800 · Education+1 more: $300 · Education
Other$245,572Animals$32,205Health$32,042International$22,250Environment$16,725Human Services$14,883Education$13,400

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$10k$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetCONWAY AREA HUMANE SOCIETY: $10,500 over 2y, 1.1% of budgetFriends of Borderland Inc: $7,000 over 7y, 17% of budgetTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS: $6,350 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetEVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY SUPPORT FUND INC: $6,100 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetNATUREBRIDGE: $6,000 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetTHE CARROLL SCHOOL: $6,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetAmerican Heart Association Inc: $5,669 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetWOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC: $5,620 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetINSTITUTE FOR SHIPBOARD EDUCATION: $4,900 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetDana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: $4,850 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetBLOOD CANCER UNITED INC: $4,750 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetSave The Children Federation Inc: $4,700 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetWORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN INC: $4,350 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetWhite Mountain Community Health Center: $4,000 over 2y, 0.1% of budgetSAVE THE MANATEE CLUB INC: $4,000 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetCHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH ASSOCIATION: $4,000 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetDIRECT RELIEF: $3,775 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetJEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA INC: $3,350 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetWILDLIFE CENTER OF VENICE INC: $3,250 over 5y, 0.2% of budgetBRADY CENTER TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE: $3,200 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetTRUE & FAITHFUL PET RESCUE MISSION INC: $3,000 over 1y, 1.4% of budgetTHE INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION IN JAFFA INC: $3,000 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetPENNSYLVANIA BREAST CANCER COALITION: $2,850 over 3y, 0.1% of budgetREFUGEE & IMMIGRANT CENTER FOR EDUCATION & LEGAL SERVICES: $2,800 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetWATERORG: $2,025 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetOCEAN CONSERVANCY: $2,000 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetCaptain Planet Foundation Inc: $2,000 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetCONNECTICUT FOODSHARE INC: $2,000 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetBAYPATH HUMANE SOCIETY OF HOPKINTON INC: $1,850 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetSHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN: $1,800 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetPEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS INC: $1,750 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetFeeding America: $1,750 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetFOODSHARE INC: $1,750 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetCONNECTICUT CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER: $1,750 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetScarring Alopecia Foundation: $1,700 over 4y, 0.9% of budgetCHARITIES AID FOUNDATION AMERICA: $1,500 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetJEWISH FEDERATION OF GREATER HARTFORD: $1,500 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC: $1,400 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetTHE TRUSTEES OF THE CUSHING ACADEMY: $1,400 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetTRURO POLICE ASSOCIATIONINC: $1,400 over 6y, 1.1% of budgetJEWISH FAMILY SERVICE OF METROWEST INC: $1,375 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetHISPANIC FEDERATION INC: $1,375 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetKINGDOM TRAIL ASSOCIATION INC: $1,300 over 2y, 0.1% of budgetPINE STREET INN INC: $1,300 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetNATIONAL BRAIN TUMOR SOCIETY INC: $1,300 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS: $1,270 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetOPPORTUNITIES FOR HOPE INC: $1,250 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetNATIONAL STROKE ASSOCIATION: $1,200 over 2y, 0.0% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds CONWAY AREA HUMANE SOCIETY ↗
  • Who funds Friends of Borderland Inc ↗
  • Who funds THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ↗
  • Who funds EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY SUPPORT FUND INC ↗
  • Who funds NATUREBRIDGE ↗
  • Who funds THE CARROLL SCHOOL ↗
  • Who funds American Heart Association Inc ↗
  • Who funds WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC ↗
  • Who funds INSTITUTE FOR SHIPBOARD EDUCATION ↗
  • Who funds Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc ↗
  • Who funds BLOOD CANCER UNITED INC ↗
  • Who funds Save The Children Federation Inc ↗
  • Who funds WORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN INC ↗
  • Who funds White Mountain Community Health Center ↗
  • Who funds SAVE THE MANATEE CLUB INC ↗
  • Who funds CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH ASSOCIATION ↗
  • Who funds DIRECT RELIEF ↗
  • Who funds JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA INC ↗
  • Who funds WILDLIFE CENTER OF VENICE INC ↗
  • Who funds BRADY CENTER TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE ↗
  • Who funds TIN MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds TRUE & FAITHFUL PET RESCUE MISSION INC ↗
  • Who funds THE INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION IN JAFFA INC ↗
  • Who funds PENNSYLVANIA BREAST CANCER COALITION ↗
  • Who funds REFUGEE & IMMIGRANT CENTER FOR EDUCATION & LEGAL SERVICES ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston IncMA21.4× affinity10 shared granteesties to 9 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston Inc · American Tower Corporation Foundation Inc · Eastern Bank Foundation · Boston Foundation Inc · Arbella Insurance Foundation · Gs Donor Advised Philanthropy Fund for Wealth Management Inc · Amica Companies Foundation · Aspen Business Center Foundation · Charles & Esther Lee Kimerling Charitable Foundation · Fife Family Foundation Inc · Brady Foundation · Joseph and Rae Gann Charitable Foundation

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization The Lewis M & Esther Perlstein Family Foundation funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from The Lewis M & Esther Perlstein Family Foundation. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 260%6%23%51%90%funder's share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from government →median 5%
  • Journey Home Inc: 59% of income from government
  • Save the Children Federation Inc: 30% of income from government
  • Straight Ahead Ministries Inc: 27% of income from government
  • Kingdom Trail Association Inc: 14% of income from government
  • Trustees of Boston University: 12% of income from government
  • New England Aquarium Corporation: 12% of income from government
  • Pine Street Inn Inc: 11% of income from government
  • Children's Hospital Corporation: 10% of income from government
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: 7% of income from government
  • Connecticut Foodshare Inc: 5% of income from government
  • Connecticut Children's Medical Center: 5% of income from government
  • Lasell University: 4% of income from government
  • Friends of Sholan Farms Inc: 3% of income from government
  • The Trustees of Reservations: 2% of income from government
  • Wgbh Educational Foundation: 1% of income from government
  • Museum of Fine Arts: 0% of income from government
  • Pan-Massachusetts Challenge Inc: 0% of income from government
  • Wounded Warrior Project Inc: 0% of income from government
  • Shriners Hospitals for Children: 0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
26get no government money at all
15report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
1rely on government for over half their income
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 185 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990-PF e-file return for fiscal year 2025, released 2025. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

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