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Brown University at a glanceAlso receives grants: funding profile →

· Public charity

Brown University

$451M
Granted FY2025still arriving
235
Grants FY2025still arriving
38
States reached
$3.4M
Largest
01What it fundsRead
02The needRead
03Its granteesRead
04Its fieldRead
01What it funds
01100% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2025.

Science & Tech$137MHealth$114MEducation$48MPublic Benefit$7.6MArts & Culture$2.1MHuman Services$1.5MCommunity Improvement$1.3MEmployment$1.1MOther$0
02FY2025 · 235 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

How this is measured
The 235 grants below total $46,972,985, the rows itemized in this filing. The $450,866,117 headline is the total grant expense on the return; the other $403,893,132 is giving the schedule does not break out (grants under the $5,000 itemization floor, grants to individuals, grants on other schedules). Every figure below describes the itemized rows only.

By grant size · FY2025

  • Under $10k9 grants · $69k
  • $10k–50k73 grants · $1.9M
  • $50k–250k99 grants · $12M
  • $250k+54 grants · $33M
$98,730
Median grant
38
States reached
$11.3B
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL - OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINIS$3,357,445
AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION$1,698,978
INDIANA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRA$1,696,187
HEBREW REHABILITATION CENTER$1,146,797
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER - ORACS$1,055,841
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY$1,033,263
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH - OFFICE OF RESEARCHCOST$994,642
UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND - RESEARCH AND ECONOMIC$988,526
UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT - OFFICE FOR SPONSORED P$874,706
BUTLER HOSPITAL - GRANTS ADMINISTRATION$779,139
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE$756,678
REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA$728,479
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN$679,737
SALK INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL STUDIES$657,094
YALE UNIVERSITY - GRANTS AND CONTRACT FINANCIAL AD$653,390
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY17–25, $1.4M) land where the poverty rate runs at 12%, against an area that typically sits at 10%. 73% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 10%LIFESPAN INC: $87k → 12%Providence Center The: $40k → 6%LIFESPAN CENTER FOR CANCER RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT: $50k → 12%Project Weber: $36k → 14%Project Weber: $21k → 14%Rhode Island Parent Information Network Inc: $132k → 7%RHODE ISLAND PARENT INFORMATION NETWORK INC: $100k → 7%Rhode Island Parent Information Network Inc: $69k → 7%RHODE ISLAND PARENT INFORMATION NETWORK INC: $34k → 7%Progreso Latino Inc: $183k → 14%Fenway Community Health Center Inc: $173k → 16%Progreso Latino Inc: $180k → 14%Progreso Latino Inc: $110k → 14%Action for Boston Community Development Inc: $118k → 16%GREATER PROVIDENCE YMCA THE: $15k → 14%PROJECT WEBERRENEW: $21k → 14%PROJECT WEBERRENEW: $19k → 14%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.

Which US states its grants reach

ME
VT
NH
WA
ID
MT
MN
IL
WI
MI
NY
MA
OR
NV
SD
IA
IN
OH
PA
NJ
CT
RI
CA
UT
CO
NE
MO
KY
VA
MD
DE
AZ
NM
KS
AR
TN
NC
SC
DC
HI
LA
MS
AL
GA
TX
FL
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

96%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$278M · 271 repeat orgs$11M to everyone else

271 repeat relationships: 165 still active in FY2025, 106 since wound down; 26 grantees were first funded in FY2025 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

271
93

Total granted

$278M
$9.4M

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+27%
+39%

Still filing today

59%
51%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2025, 95% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $2.1M went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
EducationHealthScience & TechHuman ServicesSocial ScienceArts & CultureOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • Rhode Island Hospital
    9× · 2017–2025 · $20M · revenue +79%
  • HR
    Hebrew Rehabilitation Center
    8× · 2017–2025 · $8.8M · revenue +37%
  • The Miriam Hospital
    9× · 2017–2025 · $6.8M · revenue +72%

Funded once

  • EM
    ECOG-ACRIN MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION INCgraduated
    one grant, 2018 · $994k · revenue +44%
  • FR
    Fermi Research Alliance LLC
    one grant, 2018 · $786k · revenue -60%
  • CI
    Chimerix Inc
    one grant, 2023 · $464k
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

We educate the next generation of leaders to improve the health of our society.

Education
2
University of New Haven

The University of New Haven is a student-centered comprehensive university with an emphasis on excellence in liberal arts and professional education. Our mission is to prepare our students to lead purposeful and fulfilling lives in a…

Education
3
Western New England University

Western new england university, a comprehensive private institution with a tradition of excellence in teaching and scholarship and a commitment to service, awards undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in various departments from…

Education
4
The George Washington University

The mission of the george washington university (gw) is to educate individuals in liberal arts, languages, sciences, learned professions, and other courses and subjects of study, and to conduct scholarly research and publish the findings…

Education
5
Stony Brook Internists University Faculty Practice Corporation

Provide clinical instruction to and supervision of medical school students, interns and residents and, incident thereto, rendering professional services.

Health
6
Seton Hall University

Seton hall university is a catholic institution of higher education

—
7
Stony Brook Urology University Faculty Practice Corporation

Provide clinical instruction to and supervision of medical school students, interns and residents and, incident thereto, rendering professional services.

Health
8
Neurology Associates of Stony Brook University Faculty Practice Corp

Provide clinical instruction to and supervision of medical school students, interns and residents and, incident thereto, rendering professional services.

Health
9
Rush University Medical Center

The mission of Rush is to improve the health of the individuals and diverse communities we serve through the integration of outstanding patient care, education, research and community partnerships.

Health
10
Mass General Brigham Incorporated & Affiliates Group Return

Mass general brigham incorporated is developing an integrated health care delivery system throughout the region that offers patients a continuum of coordinated, high-quality care.

Health
11
Stony Brook Surgical Associates University Faculty Practice Corporation

Provide clinical instruction to and supervision of medical school students, interns and residents and, incident thereto, rendering professional services.

Health
12
University of Maryland Anesthesiology Associates Pa

Under the medical service plan of the university of maryland school of medicine, medical services are rendered by the members of the faculty on behalf of the school of medicine in connection with their duties to provide clinical…

—
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Northeastern University; the most unlike its peers is Gates Foundation Trust. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

238 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2026, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 238 of the 401 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

3
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
17
Early backer (in before they grew)
234/238
Grantees still filing
183/238
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND: $11,792,556 · OtherUNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLANDUNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL: $7,132,809 · OtherUS Government Census Bureau: $7,101,993 · OtherMASS GENERAL BRIGHAM INCORPORATED: $6,318,046 · OtherREGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: $6,100,369 · Other+98 more: $95,516,426 · Other+98 moreRhode Island Hospital: $20,472,325 · HealthRhode Island HospitalHebrew Rehabilitation Center: $8,844,071 · HealthHebrew Rehabilitation CenterThe Miriam Hospital: $6,799,080 · HealthThe Miriam HospitalBUTLER HOSPITAL: $6,061,617 · HealthBUTLER HOSPITALRHODE ISLAND QUALITY INSTITUTE: $2,775,546 · Health+34 more: $32,730,345 · Health+34 moreYale University: $6,790,223 · EducationYale UniversityJOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY: $5,762,344 · EducationJOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITYMassachusetts Institute of Technology: $5,628,823 · EducationMassachusetts Institute of T…UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH: $5,577,300 · EducationUNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGHUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER: $4,740,463 · EducationUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTERDUKE UNIVERSITY: $3,658,979 · EducationCASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY: $3,339,421 · EducationPresident and Fellows of Harvard College: $3,289,465 · EducationTRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA: $3,248,678 · EducationTrustees of Dartmouth College: $3,057,364 · EducationTemple University - Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education: $2,763,327 · Education+37 more: $29,444,606 · Education+37 moreNEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE VEBA TRUST: $5,514,537 · Membership BenefitThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies: $2,252,014 · Science & TechResearch Triangle Institute: $810,726 · Science & TechFermi Research Alliance LLC: $785,617 · Science & TechGLOUCESTER MARINE GENOMICS INSTITUTE INCORPORATED: $403,416 · Science & TechCOLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY: $258,072 · Science & TechPACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EVALUATION: $215,366 · Science & TechTHE SCINTILLON INSTITUTE: $190,776 · Science & TechMYSTIC SEAPORT MUSEUM INC: $1,932,295 · Arts & CultureNorthwestern University: $1,033,403 · Recreation & Sports
Other$133,962,199Health$77,682,984Education$77,300,993Membership Benefit$5,514,537Science & Tech$4,915,987Arts & Culture$1,932,295Recreation & Sports$1,033,403

Showing the 200 largest grantees by grant value.

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetRhode Island Hospital: $20,472,325 over 9y, 0.2% of budgetHebrew Rehabilitation Center: $8,844,071 over 8y, 1.4% of budgetThe Miriam Hospital: $6,799,080 over 9y, 0.2% of budgetYale University: $6,790,223 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetBUTLER HOSPITAL: $6,061,617 over 9y, 0.7% of budgetJOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY: $5,762,344 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetMassachusetts Institute of Technology: $5,628,823 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetUNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH: $5,577,300 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetNEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE VEBA TRUST: $5,514,537 over 7y, 23% of budgetUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER: $4,740,463 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetAMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION: $3,760,935 over 4y, 3.3% of budgetDUKE UNIVERSITY: $3,658,979 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetTRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY: $3,628,930 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetCASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY: $3,339,421 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetPresident and Fellows of Harvard College: $3,289,465 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetTRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA: $3,248,678 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetTrustees of Dartmouth College: $3,057,364 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetRHODE ISLAND QUALITY INSTITUTE: $2,775,546 over 8y, 9.7% of budgetTemple University - Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education: $2,763,327 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetCALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: $2,258,869 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies: $2,252,014 over 3y, 0.6% of budgetDana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: $2,218,933 over 5y, 0.1% of budgetFENWAY COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER INC: $2,199,440 over 8y, 0.4% of budgetWOMEN & INFANTS HOSPITAL OF RI: $2,181,176 over 9y, 0.1% of budgetTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY: $1,985,604 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetMYSTIC SEAPORT MUSEUM INC: $1,932,295 over 5y, 3.3% of budgetKAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITALS: $1,835,995 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetOREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION: $1,799,078 over 7y, 0.4% of budgetOCEAN STATE RESEARCH INSTITUTE INC: $1,777,547 over 8y, 10% of budgetVIRGINIA TECH FOUNDATION INC: $1,710,516 over 6y, 0.3% of budgetEmory University: $1,709,431 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetTHE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: $1,702,847 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetEmma Pendleton Bradley Hospital: $1,630,842 over 9y, 0.4% of budgetWAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY: $1,628,710 over 8y, 0.1% of budgetCHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER: $1,597,185 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetBOSTON MEDICAL CENTER CORPORATION: $1,582,155 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetTexas A&M Foundation: $1,558,540 over 6y, 0.1% of budgetVETERANS HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CENTRAL NEW YORK INC: $1,544,420 over 5y, 32% of budgetUniversity of Miami: $1,417,788 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetTHE RHODE ISLAND FREE CLINIC INC: $1,393,580 over 8y, 41% of budgetCarnegie Mellon University: $1,282,602 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetLUNDQUIST INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL INNOVATION AT HARBOR-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER: $1,256,774 over 5y, 0.4% of budgetTrustees of Tufts College: $1,244,167 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetBETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER INC: $1,193,786 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetNew York University: $1,115,156 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetWORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE: $1,091,666 over 4y, 0.3% of budgetTHE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK: $1,068,851 over 9y, 0.0% of budgetNorthwestern University: $1,033,403 over 9y, 0.0% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds Rhode Island Hospital ↗
  • Who funds Hebrew Rehabilitation Center ↗
  • Who funds The Miriam Hospital ↗
  • Who funds Yale University ↗
  • Who funds BUTLER HOSPITAL ↗
  • Who funds JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY ↗
  • Who funds Massachusetts Institute of Technology ↗
  • Who funds UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ↗
  • Who funds NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE VEBA TRUST ↗
  • Who funds UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER ↗
  • Who funds AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION ↗
  • Who funds DUKE UNIVERSITY ↗
  • Who funds TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY ↗
  • Who funds CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY ↗
  • Who funds President and Fellows of Harvard College ↗
  • Who funds TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ↗
  • Who funds Trustees of Dartmouth College ↗
  • Who funds RHODE ISLAND QUALITY INSTITUTE ↗
  • Who funds Temple University - Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education ↗
  • Who funds CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ↗
  • Who funds The Salk Institute for Biological Studies ↗
  • Who funds Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc ↗
  • Who funds FENWAY COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds WOMEN & INFANTS HOSPITAL OF RI ↗
  • Who funds THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Yale UniversityTrustees of Boston Un…The Trustees of Colum…Johns Hopkins Univers…University of Pittsbu…Vanderbilt University…The Children's Hospit…Mayo ClinicThe George Washington…Cornell UniversityNorthwestern Universi…American Heart Associ…
Yale UniversityCT66.3× affinity36 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Yale University · Trustees of Boston University · The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York · Johns Hopkins University · University of Pittsburgh · Vanderbilt University Medical Center · The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · Mayo Clinic · The George Washington University · Cornell University · Northwestern University · American Heart Association Inc

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization Brown University funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from Brown University. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 30%3%10%23%40%funder's share of their income ↑0%25%50%75%100%share of the org’s income from government →median 11%
  • Education Development Center Inc: 65% of income from government
  • Hebrew Rehabilitation Center: 53% of income from government
  • Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Inc: 37% of income from government
  • Joslin Diabetes Center Inc: 35% of income from government
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 35% of income from government
  • Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation: 32% of income from government
  • University of Delaware: 30% of income from government
  • Fenway Community Health Center Inc: 27% of income from government
  • Boston Medical Center Corporation: 23% of income from government
  • The Broad Institute Inc: 19% of income from government
  • Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute Incorporated: 16% of income from government
  • Trustees of Tufts College: 13% of income from government
  • Trustees of Boston University: 12% of income from government
  • Johns Hopkins University: 12% of income from government
  • The Trustees of the Stevens Institute of Technology: 12% of income from government
  • Yale University: 12% of income from government
  • The Trustees of Princeton University: 11% of income from government
  • Children's Hospital Corporation: 10% of income from government
  • Brandeis University: 9% of income from government
  • Worcester Polytechnic Institute: 8% of income from government
  • President and Fellows of Harvard College: 7% of income from government
  • Northeastern University: 7% of income from government
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: 7% of income from government
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc: 6% of income from government
  • University of Miami: 5% of income from government
  • Mystic Seaport Museum Inc: 5% of income from government
  • The Trustees of the Smith College: 1% of income from government
  • Wellesley College: 1% of income from government
  • Oregon Health & Science University Foundation: 1% of income from government
  • Hebrew Senior Life Inc: 0% of income from government
  • Amherst College Trustees: 0% of income from government
  • Williams College: 0% of income from government
  • Portland State University Foundation: 0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
3get no government money at all
10report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
2rely on government for over half their income
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 401 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990 e-file return for fiscal year 2025, released 2025. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

Play a game based on Brown University’s filings →

More from the funding graph

The unnamed billions
grants reported with no recipient in the public record
The regranting layer
51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
The DAF merry-go-round
$9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
The endowment market
who holds foundation money, and what just moved
The camps
funders cluster by geography, not ideology
By state
where grant money is based, and what stays home