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· Private foundation

Susan M Deutsch Foundation

Its FY2024 filing reports that it funds preselected organizations and did not take unsolicited requests; check the foundation's own site before ruling it out.

$8k
Granted FY2024still arriving
19
Grants FY2024still arriving
5
States reached
$500
Largest
01What it funds
0196% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2024.

Arts & Culture$10kHealth$10kPhilanthropy$8kHousing & Shelter$6kHuman Services$5kInternational$5kCivil Rights$4kFood & Nutrition$4kOther$0
02FY2024 · 19 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

$500
Median grant
5
States reached
$37k
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
THE SALVATION ARMY OF MA$500
DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS$500
Individual grant recipient$500
NGBH EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION$500
ROSIE'S PLACE$500
MAH FUND$500
LESLIE ST FANG FOUNDATION$500
1ST CHURCH BOSTON$500
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION$500
SHANGHAI SONATAS FOUNDATION$500
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE$500
WOUNDED WARRIORS PROJECT$500
PLANNED PARENTHOOD LEAGUE OF MASSACHUSETTS$500
PROJECT BREAD$250
COMMUNITY SERVINGS$250
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY17–24, $6k) land where the poverty rate runs at 16%, against an area that typically sits at 11%. 98% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 11%WOUNDED WARRIORS PROJECT: $500 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $300 → 14%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $300 → 16%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $150 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $150 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $150 → 14%WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT: $150 → 14%AMERICAN RED CROSS: $250 → 14%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $200 → 16%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $150 → 16%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $150 → 16%GREG HILL FOUNDATION: $100 → 8%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $150 → 16%HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $100 → 16%THE HOMES FOR LITTLE WANDERERS: $250 → 16%BOSTON HEALTH CARE FOR THE HOMELESS PROGRAM: $250 → 16%PINE STREET INN: $250 → 16%BHCHP: $250 → 16%BHCHP: $150 → 16%PINE STREET INN: $150 → 16%PINE STREET INN: $100 → 16%BOSTON HEALTHCARE FOR THE HOMELESS: $100 → 16%BHCHP: $100 → 16%PINE STREET INN: $100 → 16%THE MASSACHUSETTS HOUSING AND SHELTER ALLIANCE: $250 → 16%THE MASSACHUSETTS HOUSING AND SHELTER ALLIANCE: $250 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $250 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $250 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $250 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $150 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $150 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $150 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $150 → 16%COMMUNITY SERVINGS: $100 → 16%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.

Which US states its grants reach

MN
IL
NY
MA
OH
NJ
CT
CA
MD
DE
DC
AL
GA
FL
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

83%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$52k · 52 repeat orgs$11k to everyone else

Grantees it renews have grown median revenue +81% since the first grant, against +46% for those funded once.

52 repeat relationships: 12 still active in FY2024, 40 since wound down; 7 grantees were first funded in FY2024 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

52
34

Total granted

$52k
$7k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+81%
+46%

Still filing today

67%
68%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2024, 55% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $4k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24
Arts & CultureHuman ServicesInternationalEnvironmentHealthEducationOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • TL
    THE LESLIE ST FANG FOUNDATION
    2× · 2023–2024 · $3k · revenue +174%
  • BI
    BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER INC
    3× · 2017–2019 · $3k · revenue +99%
  • IR
    International Rescue Committee INC
    6× · 2017–2024 · $2k · revenue +81%

Funded once

  • BS
    BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA INC
    one grant, 2019 · $500 · revenue +22%
  • ET
    EVERY TOWN FOR GUN SAFETY SUPPORT
    one grant, 2023 · $500
  • AMERICAN REPERTORY THEATRE CO INCgraduated
    one grant, 2017 · $500 · revenue +43%
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Boston Architectural College

The bac is committed to provide excellence in design education grounded in practice and accessible to diverse communities.

—
2
Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Boston

The Boston Public Library provides educational and cultural enrichment free to all by engaging the public through programming and active spaces, restoring and preserving our history, providing access to borrow from our vast collection of…

Education
3
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Inc

Organization's mission statement true to the ambitious vision of its founder and her spirit of creative risk-taking, the mission of the isabella stewart gardner museum is: - to bring to life and preserve the rich historic collection; - to…

Arts & Culture
4
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The mission of mit is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century.

Education
5
Mass General Brigham Incorporated & Affiliates Group Return

Mass general brigham incorporated is developing an integrated health care delivery system throughout the region that offers patients a continuum of coordinated, high-quality care.

Health
6
Conservation Law Foundation Inc

Conservation law foundation, inc. (clf) protects new england's environment for the benefit of all people and future generations. we use the law, science, and markets to create solutions that preserve and restore our natural resources,…

Environment
7
Boston Harbor Now Inc

Our mission is to ensure that the people of greater boston benefit from a vibrant, resilient, and inclusive waterfront, harbor, and islands; these spaces are equitable, accessible, and adapted to climate change; and to ensure our public,…

Environment
8
New England Historic Genealogical Society

New england historic genealogical society's mission is to advance the study of family history in america and beyond. we educate, inspire, and connect people through our scholarship, collections, and expertise. we conduct business under the…

—
9
Free Press

Free press was created to give people a voice in the crucial decisions that shape our media. we believe that positive social change, racial justice and meaningful engagement in public life require equitable access to technology, diverse…

Arts & Culture
10
The Trustees of Reservations

Overview - founded in boston by pioneering landscape architect and open space visionary charles eliot in 1891, the trustees is the nation's first and the commonwealth's largest conservation and preservation nonprofit.

Environment
11
Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway Conservancy Inc

See attached schedule othe conservancy has sole responsibility for managing all aspects of the rose kennedy greenway, including horticulture, programming, public art, maintenance, and capital improvements. we envision a vibrant, inclusive,…

Recreation & Sports
12
Conservation International Foundation

Ci works to spotlight and secure the critical benefits that nature provides to humanity.

Environment
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is Esplanade Association Inc; the most unlike its peers is Shanghai Sonatas Foundation. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

63 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2025.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2025, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 63 of the 93 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

0
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
13
Early backer (in before they grew)
61/63
Grantees still filing
50/63
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

THE LESLIE FANG FOUNDATION: $3,000 · OtherTHE LESLIE FANG FOUNDATIONMASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL: $2,900 · OtherMASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITALTRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY: $1,750 · OtherPLANNED PARENTHOOD: $1,700 · OtherWOMEN'S LUNCH PLACE INC: $1,500 · OtherThe Frick Collection: $1,250 · OtherPROJECT BREAD-THE WALK FOR HUNGER INC: $1,400 · OtherSOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER INC: $1,300 · Other+48 more: $21,285 · Other+48 moreCOMMUNITY SERVINGS INC: $1,450 · Human ServicesCOMMUNITY S…WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC: $1,400 · Human ServicesWOUNDED WAR…THE HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS INC: $1,300 · Human ServicesTHE HOME FO…BOSTON HEALTH CARE FOR THE HOMELESS PROGRAM INC: $850 · Human ServicesBOSTON HEAL…PINE STREET INN INC: $600 · Human ServicesPINE STREET…MASSACHUSETTS HOUSING & SHELTER ALLIANCE: $500 · Human ServicesMASSACHUSET…American National Red Cross & Its Constituent Chapters and Branches: $250 · Human Services+2 more: $200 · Human ServicesInternational Rescue Committee INC: $2,000 · InternationalInternati…MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC: $1,750 · InternationalMEDECINS …UNITED STATES FUND FOR UNICEF: $600 · InternationalUNITED ST…WORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN INC: $500 · InternationalWORLD CEN…United States Association for UNHCR: $250 · International+2 more: $250 · InternationalMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS: $1,250 · Arts & CultureBOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA INC: $500 · Arts & CultureWGBH Educational Foundation: $500 · Arts & CultureAMERICAN REPERTORY THEATRE CO INC: $500 · Arts & CultureMETROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART: $350 · Arts & CultureESPLANADE ASSOCIATION INC: $300 · Arts & CultureFILM FORUM INC: $250 · Arts & CultureNANTUCKET LIGHTSHIP BASKET MUSEUM INC: $200 · Arts & CultureNANTUCKET COMMUNITY MUSIC CENTER: $200 · Arts & CultureIRISH CULTURAL CENTRE INC: $150 · Arts & Culture+1 more: $100 · Arts & CultureTHE LESLIE ST FANG FOUNDATION: $3,000 · PhilanthropySHANGHAI SONATAS FOUNDATION: $500 · Philanthropy+1 more: $100 · PhilanthropyBETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER INC: $2,750 · HealthPLANNED PARENTHOOD LEAGUE OF MASSACHUSETTS INC: $500 · HealthNEW ENGLAND LIFE FLIGHT INC: $250 · Health+1 more: $100 · HealthPROPRIETORS OF THE BOSTON ATHENAEUM: $2,521 · EducationBOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY FUND INC: $500 · EducationCONNECTICUT COLLEGE: $300 · Education
Other$36,085Human Services$6,550International$5,350Arts & Culture$4,300Philanthropy$3,600Health$3,600Education$3,321

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$100k$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetTHE LESLIE ST FANG FOUNDATION: $3,000 over 2y, 2.5% of budgetBETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER INC: $2,750 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetPROPRIETORS OF THE BOSTON ATHENAEUM: $2,521 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetInternational Rescue Committee INC: $2,000 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetTRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY: $1,750 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetMEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC: $1,750 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetWOMEN'S LUNCH PLACE INC: $1,500 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetCOMMUNITY SERVINGS INC: $1,450 over 8y, 0.0% of budgetPROJECT BREAD-THE WALK FOR HUNGER INC: $1,400 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetWOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC: $1,400 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetSOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER INC: $1,300 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetTHE HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS INC: $1,300 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetThe Frick Collection: $1,250 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS: $1,250 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetROSIE'S PLACE INC: $1,150 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetCOMMITTEE TO PROTECT JOURNALISTS INC: $900 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetBOSTON HEALTH CARE FOR THE HOMELESS PROGRAM INC: $850 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetFRIENDS OF THE PUBLIC GARDEN INC: $800 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetGREATER BOSTON FOOD BANK INC: $800 over 5y, 0.0% of budgetWORLD WILDLIFE FUND INC: $650 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetUNITED STATES FUND FOR UNICEF: $600 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetNANTUCKET ATHENEUM INC: $600 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetPINE STREET INN INC: $600 over 4y, 0.0% of budgetMASSACHUSETTS AUDUBON SOCIETY INC: $600 over 6y, 0.0% of budgetBOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA INC: $500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetWGBH Educational Foundation: $500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetSHANGHAI SONATAS FOUNDATION: $500 over 1y, 0.8% of budgetBOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY FUND INC: $500 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetAMERICAN REPERTORY THEATRE CO INC: $500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetPLANNED PARENTHOOD LEAGUE OF MASSACHUSETTS INC: $500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetMASSACHUSETTS HOUSING & SHELTER ALLIANCE: $500 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetWORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN INC: $500 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetCHILDREN'S DEFENSE FUND: $350 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetA SAFE PLACE INC: $350 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetMETROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART: $350 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetESPLANADE ASSOCIATION INC: $300 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetCONNECTICUT COLLEGE: $300 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetNEW ENGLAND LIFE FLIGHT INC: $250 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetNANTUCKET CONSERVATION FOUNDATION INC: $250 over 3y, 0.0% of budgetUnited States Association for UNHCR: $250 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetNEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATION OF THE BACK BAY INC: $250 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetFILM FORUM INC: $250 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetAmerican National Red Cross & Its Constituent Chapters and Branches: $250 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetBRADYS K9 FUND: $250 over 1y, 0.1% of budgetNATIONAL ACTION NETWORK INC: $250 over 1y, 0.0% of budgetNANTUCKET LIGHTSHIP BASKET MUSEUM INC: $200 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetNANTUCKET COMMUNITY MUSIC CENTER: $200 over 2y, 0.0% of budgetTHE JAMES BEARD FOUNDATION INC: $150 over 1y, 0.0% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds THE LESLIE ST FANG FOUNDATION ↗
  • Who funds BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds PROPRIETORS OF THE BOSTON ATHENAEUM ↗
  • Who funds International Rescue Committee INC ↗
  • Who funds TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY ↗
  • Who funds MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES USA INC ↗
  • Who funds WOMEN'S LUNCH PLACE INC ↗
  • Who funds COMMUNITY SERVINGS INC ↗
  • Who funds PROJECT BREAD-THE WALK FOR HUNGER INC ↗
  • Who funds WOUNDED WARRIOR PROJECT INC ↗
  • Who funds SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds THE HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS INC ↗
  • Who funds The Frick Collection ↗
  • Who funds MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS ↗
  • Who funds ROSIE'S PLACE INC ↗
  • Who funds COMMITTEE TO PROTECT JOURNALISTS INC ↗
  • Who funds BOSTON HEALTH CARE FOR THE HOMELESS PROGRAM INC ↗
  • Who funds FRIENDS OF THE PUBLIC GARDEN INC ↗
  • Who funds GREATER BOSTON FOOD BANK INC ↗
  • Who funds WORLD WILDLIFE FUND INC ↗
  • Who funds UNITED STATES FUND FOR UNICEF ↗
  • Who funds NANTUCKET ATHENEUM INC ↗
  • Who funds PINE STREET INN INC ↗
  • Who funds MASSACHUSETTS AUDUBON SOCIETY INC ↗
  • Who funds BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA INC ↗
  • Who funds WGBH Educational Foundation ↗
  • Who funds American Civil Liberties Union Foundation ↗
  • Who funds SHANGHAI SONATAS FOUNDATION ↗
  • Who funds BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY FUND INC ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Boston Foundation IncMA22.6× affinity10 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Boston Foundation Inc · Eastern Bank Foundation · Heather and Robert Keane Family Foundation Inc · Nantucket Golf Club Foundation Inc · Richard K Lubin Family Foundation · The 1434 Foundation Inc · Alchemy Foundation · Community Foundation for Nantucket Inc · Ernst & Elfriede Frank Foundation Inc · Highland Street Connection and Subsidiaries · Arbella Insurance Foundation · Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston Inc

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization Susan M Deutsch Foundation funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from Susan M Deutsch Foundation. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 110%0%1%3%5%funder's share of their income ↑0%13%25%38%50%share of the org’s income from government →median 4%
  • A Safe Place Inc: 45% of income from government
  • The Home for Little Wanderers Inc: 38% of income from government
  • Save the Children Federation Inc: 30% of income from government
  • Greater Boston Food Bank Inc: 22% of income from government
  • Trustees of Boston University: 12% of income from government
  • Community Servings Inc: 12% of income from government
  • Pine Street Inn Inc: 11% of income from government
  • Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association in: 9% of income from government
  • Women's Lunch Place Inc: 8% of income from government
  • Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program Inc: 8% of income from government
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Inc: 7% of income from government
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc: 6% of income from government
  • New England Life Flight Inc: 5% of income from government
  • Nantucket Conservation Foundation Inc: 4% of income from government
  • Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts Inc: 3% of income from government
  • Nantucket Community Music Center: 1% of income from government
  • Massachusetts Audubon Society Inc: 1% of income from government
  • Wgbh Educational Foundation: 1% of income from government
  • Friends of the Public Garden Inc: 1% of income from government
  • Nantucket Historical Association: 1% of income from government
  • Proprietors of the Boston Athenaeum: 0% of income from government
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Inc: 0% of income from government
  • American Repertory Theatre Co Inc: 0% of income from government
  • Connecticut College: 0% of income from government
  • Museum of Fine Arts: 0% of income from government
  • Rosie's Place Inc: 0% of income from government
  • Wounded Warrior Project Inc: 0% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
11get no government money at all
6report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
⤢ axis zoomed · 0–50%
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 93 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990-PF e-file return for fiscal year 2024, released 2024. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

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