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English for New Bostonians Inc at a glanceMostly funded, not a grantmaker: see who funds it →

· Public charity

English for New Bostonians Inc

English for new bostonians ensures access to high-quality english classes so that adult immigrants across race, education, and migratory backgrounds can pursue their aspirations and contribute to a commonwealth that fully values their talents and voices.

$1.4M
Granted FY2025still arriving
22
Grants FY2025still arriving
1
States reached
$208k
Largest
01What it fundsRead
02The needRead
03Its granteesRead
04Its fieldRead
01What it funds
01100% classified

What it funded, over time

Every grant placed by its stated purpose and the recipient’s mission, by year, FY2017 to 2025.

Education$4.9MHuman Services$3.2MEmployment$517kHousing & Shelter$382kCommunity Improvement$64kCrime & Legal$38kInternational$38kCivil Rights$28k
02FY2025 · 22 grants

Where the money goes

Grants by size, and the largest recipients.

By grant size · FY2025

  • $10k–50k10 grants · $351k
  • $50k–250k12 grants · $1.0M
$56,000
Median grant
1
States reached
$2.8M
Total assets
Largest grants
RecipientAmount
YMCA OF GREATER BOSTON$208,000
GILBERT ALBERT COMMUNITY CENTER$150,000
MAVERICK LANDING$95,000
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP (EDG)$89,000
EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL$85,000
ST MARK COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM$68,000
JEWISH VOCATIONAL SERVICE INC$67,000
ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION$65,000
CATHOLIC CHARITIES$58,000
JACKSON MANN COMMUNITY CENTER$56,000
ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL$56,000
IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE$50,000
JAMAICA PLAIN COMMUNITY CENTERS ADULT LEARNING PROGRAM$49,000
EAST BOSTON HARBORSIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL COUNCIL INC$48,000
NEIGHBORHOOD OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING (NOAH)$44,000
02The need
03

Does the money reach high-need areas?

Each grant placed by the hardship in its grantee’s ZIP, against the area’s typical level.

show:

Its human-services grants (FY17–25, $3.2M) land where the poverty rate runs at 16%, against an area that typically sits at 16%. 100% of those dollars go to grantees based in above-average-need neighborhoods. Most of its grants land in higher-need ZIPs.

area typical 16%YMCA OF GREATER BOSTON: $208k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $68k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $65k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $65k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $63k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $62k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $61k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $60k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $60k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $59k → 16%Asian American Civic Association: $57k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $57k → 16%Asian American Civic Association: $57k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $56k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $55k → 16%ABCD SOUTH SIDE ADULT ESOL: $55k → 16%ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $43k → 16%IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE: $50k → 16%IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE: $50k → 16%IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE: $50k → 16%EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $97k → 16%MAVERICK LANDING: $95k → 16%MAVERICK LANDING: $95k → 16%MAVERICK LANDING: $95k → 16%EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $85k → 16%EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $78k → 16%EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $72k → 16%MAVERICK LANDING: $65k → 16%EAST BOSTON ECUMENICAL COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $35k → 16%East Boston Community Council: $35k → 16%EAST BOSTON ECUMENICAL COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $35k → 16%EAST BOSTON ECUMENICAL COMMUNITY COUNCIL: $34k → 16%REFUGEE AND IMMIGRANT ASSISTANCE CENTER: $34k → 16%YMCA EDUCATION & TRAINING: $94k → 16%YMCA EDUCATION & TRAINING: $91k → 16%YMCA EDUCATION & TRAINING: $86k → 16%COLLEGE BOUND DORCHESTER: $36k → 16%COLLEGE BOUND DORCHESTER: $36k → 16%YMCA EDUCATION & TRAINING: $26k → 16%YMCA EDUCATION & TRAINING: $24k → 16%BRAZILIAN WORKER CENTER: $30k → 16%BRAZILIAN WORKER CENTER: $30k → 16%BRAZILIAN WORKER CENTER: $28k → 16%SOUTH BOSTON EN ACCION: $34k → 16%SOUTH BOSTON EN ACCION: $34k → 16%JULIE'S FAMILY LEARNING PROGRAM: $33k → 16%VIETNAMESE AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $28k → 16%VIETNAMESE-AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION: $25k → 16%0%20%40%50%more need →
grant to an above-average-need area below average· circle size = grant amount
How this is measured
Matched: human-services grants are those whose grantee’s IRS cause code is Human Services. Placed by people below the poverty line in the grantee’s ZIP, averaged from the tracts in that ZIP.
How this is measured
US grants placed by each grantee’s ZIP, which can differ from where services are delivered. Need from public data (U.S. Census/ACS, CDC PLACES, Eviction Lab, USDA), shown as context about the area, never attributed to the funder’s giving.
03Its grantees
repeat funding

Who it funds again

Organizations funded in more than one year, against those funded once.

96%of every dollar goes to organizations it has funded before.
$8.8M · 33 repeat orgs$325k to everyone else

33 repeat relationships: 20 still active in FY2025, 13 since wound down; 2 grantees were first funded in FY2025 (too recent to call).

How the two cohorts compare

Re-uppedFunded once

Organizations

33
7

Total granted

$8.8M
$237k

Median revenue growth · since first grant

+64%
+339%

Still filing today

76%
43%

New vs renewed · share of each year

In FY2025, 94% of grant dollars renewed an existing relationship; $88k went to new ones.

50%100%’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
RenewedFirst-time

Where new relationships form · theme of each grantee’s first grant

’17’18’19’20’21’22’23’24’25
Human ServicesEducationHousing & ShelterCommunity ImprovementEmploymentCrime & LegalOther
How this is measured
First-time means a grantee’s first year in the filing window; renewed means funded in an earlier year too. The renewed share climbs naturally as a portfolio matures, so the signal is a year that bucks it (a wave of new grantees). The earliest year is left-censored: relationships that predate the data read as new. Theme is the grantee’s IRS cause.

Backed again, and grew

  • GA
    GILBERT ALBERT COMMUNITY CENTER INC
    9× · 2017–2025 · $755k · revenue +159% · 78% of their budget
  • PS
    PARIS STREET COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC
    9× · 2017–2025 · $619k · revenue +84%
  • YM
    YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF GREATER BOSTON INC
    7× · 2017–2025 · $551k · revenue +45%

Funded once

  • SM
    St Marks Community Education
    one grant, 2021 · $48k
  • SM
    St Mark Community Education Prog
    one grant, 2020 · $41k
  • WE
    WORKER EDUCATION PROGRAM INC
    one grant, 2017 · $38k
How this is measured

Repeat means funded in two or more distinct years. Growth and survival are read from each grantee’s own subsequent IRS filings.

04Its field

Closest unfunded matches

The nonprofits that most resemble its grantees but are not funded by it, scored along the direction from the rest of the field toward the portfolio. A resemblance in what they say they do, not a recommendation.

1
Greater Boston Council On Alcoholism Inc
Philanthropy
2
Boston Banglaaid Inc

charitable, educational, and social welfare services.

Arts & Culture
3
Vine Street Community Center Inc

Provides after school and tutoring enrichment programs for children and also provides recreational activities for residents and seniors of Boston, MA

Community Improvement
4
New England Community Project Inc

Necp believes that social change happens when those most impacted by issues of systemic injustice, organize at the block level to address issues within their neighborhoods. through their involvement at a community level, residents engage…

Community Improvement
5
Boston Neighborhood Support Inc
Housing & Shelter
6
Greater Four Corners Action Coalition

To promote neighborhood stabilization in the four corners of Boston. The organization focuses its grass roots efforts and activities on adressing crime and safety issues

Community Improvement
7
Berkshire Immigrant Center Inc

Immigration services are performed by bic's caseworkers who are u.s. department of justice partially accredited representatives. our immigration legal services further charitable and educational exempt purposes by providing low-cost legal…

Human Services
8
Berkshire Education and Correction Services Inc
Crime & Legal
9
Vietnamese American Initiative for Development Inc

Vietaid's mission is to build a strong vietnamese community and a vibrant fields corner through the following measures: promoting civic engagement and community building; developing affordable housing and commercial space; enriching youth…

Housing & Shelter
10
Jahan Women and Youth Intercultural

Social services and cultural awareness

—
11
Boston Education Skills & Training Corp

The organization's mission is to provide individuals with the education, skills, and training to excel in the hospitality industry and in their personal lives. the organization provides english for speakers of other language (esol)…

Education
12
Boston Center for Adult Education Inc

To provide educational opportunities for adult learners in boston and surrounding communities that responded to the ongoing and evolving needs for professional growth and personal enrichment.

Education
How this is measured
The grantee most central to the portfolio’s shape is East Boston Community Council Inc; the most unlike its peers is Educational Development Group Inc. Resemblance is measured on each organization’s own IRS 990 mission text; it reflects how work is described, not its quality or impact.
04the grantee network

30 grantees tracked through their own filings, 2017–2026.

Each grant beside the grantee’s revenue from every source, year by year.

How this is measured

Counted here: distinct organizations funded across 2017 to 2026, not grant rows in a single year, so this will not match the grant count on the cover. 30 of the 42 grantees resolved in that span have returns of their own we could reconcile.

Each grantee is resolved to its own IRS returns. Association, dated; never a causal claim.

4
Load-bearing (≥25% of a budget)
9
Early backer (in before they grew)
29/30
Grantees still filing
23/30
Grew since first funded

Where the money sits, by cause and then by grantee

THE BOSTON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION INC: $813,353 · OtherTHE BOSTON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDAT…EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP INC: $477,600 · OtherEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP INCCATHOLIC CHARITABLE BUREAU OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF BOSTON INC: $406,117 · OtherCATHOLIC CHARITABLE BUREAU OF THE ARCHDIOC…ST MARK COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM INC: $398,702 · OtherST MARK COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM INCJAMAICA PLAIN COMMUNITY CENTERS INC: $389,600 · OtherJAMAICA PLAIN COMMUNITY CENTERS INCGardner Pilot Academy: $128,900 · OtherABCD South Side Adult ESOL: $125,500 · Other+12 more: $691,240 · Other+12 moreYOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF GREATER BOSTON INC: $551,350 · Human ServicesYOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF GR…ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INC: $524,000 · Human ServicesASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INCEAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC: $471,100 · Human ServicesEAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL INCMAVERICK LANDING COMMUNITY SERVICES INC: $444,160 · Human ServicesMAVERICK LANDING COMMUNITY SERVICES INCACTION FOR BOSTON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INC: $417,500 · Human ServicesACTION FOR BOSTON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT…BOSTON CHINATOWN NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER INC: $184,060 · Human ServicesBOSTON CHINATOWN NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER IN…IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE INC: $150,000 · Human ServicesBrazilian Worker Center Inc: $128,000 · Human ServicesUNCORNERED INC: $112,000 · Human Services+4 more: $232,449 · Human Services+4 moreGILBERT ALBERT COMMUNITY CENTER INC: $755,000 · EducationGILBERT ALBERT COM…PARIS STREET COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC: $618,900 · EducationPARIS STREET COMMU…JACKSON MANN COMMUNITY SCHOOL AND COUNCIL INC: $74,000 · EducationJEWISH VOCATIONAL SERVICE INC: $400,500 · EmploymentNEIGHBORHOOD OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING INC: $353,080 · Housing & ShelterBOSTON PUBLIC HOUSING CORPORATION: $29,000 · Housing & ShelterASIAN TASK FORCE AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INC: $109,310 · Crime & LegalINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEW ENGLAND INC: $65,500 · Civil RightsJAMAICA PLAIN NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION: $34,000 · Community ImprovementSOMALI DEVELOPMENT CENTER INC: $30,000 · Community Improvement
Other$3,431,012Human Services$3,214,619Education$1,447,900Employment$400,500Housing & Shelter$382,080Crime & Legal$109,310Civil Rights$65,500Community Improvement$64,000

Each grantee by its size and the funder’s share of it; top left is load-bearing

25%50%75%100%$1.0M$10M$100Mgrantee revenue →↑ funder's share of their budgetTHE BOSTON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION INC: $813,353 over 7y, 3.5% of budgetGILBERT ALBERT COMMUNITY CENTER INC: $755,000 over 9y, 78% of budgetPARIS STREET COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC: $618,900 over 9y, 7.7% of budgetYOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF GREATER BOSTON INC: $551,350 over 7y, 0.1% of budgetASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INC: $524,000 over 9y, 1.8% of budgetEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP INC: $477,600 over 7y, 50% of budgetEAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC: $471,100 over 8y, 13% of budgetMAVERICK LANDING COMMUNITY SERVICES INC: $444,160 over 8y, 8.1% of budgetACTION FOR BOSTON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INC: $417,500 over 7y, 0.0% of budgetCATHOLIC CHARITABLE BUREAU OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF BOSTON INC: $406,117 over 8y, 0.1% of budgetJEWISH VOCATIONAL SERVICE INC: $400,500 over 7y, 0.3% of budgetST MARK COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM INC: $398,702 over 7y, 69% of budgetJAMAICA PLAIN COMMUNITY CENTERS INC: $389,600 over 9y, 6.7% of budgetNEIGHBORHOOD OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING INC: $353,080 over 9y, 0.9% of budgetBOSTON CHINATOWN NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER INC: $184,060 over 9y, 0.4% of budgetIMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE INC: $150,000 over 3y, 0.6% of budgetBrazilian Worker Center Inc: $128,000 over 5y, 6.4% of budgetUNCORNERED INC: $112,000 over 4y, 0.6% of budgetASIAN TASK FORCE AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INC: $109,310 over 6y, 1.1% of budgetJulies Family Learning Program Inc: $77,449 over 4y, 1.7% of budgetJACKSON MANN COMMUNITY SCHOOL AND COUNCIL INC: $74,000 over 2y, 13% of budgetSOUTH BOSTON EN ACCION INC: $68,000 over 2y, 23% of budgetINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEW ENGLAND INC: $65,500 over 2y, 0.5% of budgetVIETNAMESE AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INC: $53,000 over 2y, 3.3% of budgetJAMAICA PLAIN NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION: $34,000 over 2y, 0.3% of budgetREFUGEE & IMMIGRANT ASSISTANCE CENTER: $34,000 over 1y, 2.6% of budgetSOMALI DEVELOPMENT CENTER INC: $30,000 over 1y, 6.4% of budgetBOSTON PUBLIC HOUSING CORPORATION: $29,000 over 1y, 30% of budgetBOSTON CARES INC: $13,300 over 1y, 1.0% of budget
Grantee by grantee: a decade per organization, before and after funding

A decade per grantee: revenue shaded, grants as bars, all rows on one timeline.

  • Who funds THE BOSTON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION INC ↗
  • Who funds GILBERT ALBERT COMMUNITY CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds PARIS STREET COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC ↗
  • Who funds YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF GREATER BOSTON INC ↗
  • Who funds ASIAN AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INC ↗
  • Who funds EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP INC ↗
  • Who funds EAST BOSTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL INC ↗
  • Who funds MAVERICK LANDING COMMUNITY SERVICES INC ↗
  • Who funds ACTION FOR BOSTON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INC ↗
  • Who funds CATHOLIC CHARITABLE BUREAU OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF BOSTON INC ↗
  • Who funds JEWISH VOCATIONAL SERVICE INC ↗
  • Who funds ST MARK COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM INC ↗
  • Who funds JAMAICA PLAIN COMMUNITY CENTERS INC ↗
  • Who funds NEIGHBORHOOD OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING INC ↗
  • Who funds BOSTON CHINATOWN NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER INC ↗
  • Who funds IMMIGRANT FAMILY SERVICES INSTITUTE INC ↗
  • Who funds Brazilian Worker Center Inc ↗
  • Who funds UNCORNERED INC ↗
  • Who funds ASIAN TASK FORCE AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INC ↗
  • Who funds Julies Family Learning Program Inc ↗
  • Who funds JACKSON MANN COMMUNITY SCHOOL AND COUNCIL INC ↗
  • Who funds SOUTH BOSTON EN ACCION INC ↗
  • Who funds INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEW ENGLAND INC ↗
  • Who funds VIETNAMESE AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION INC ↗
  • Who funds WORKER EDUCATION PROGRAM INC ↗
  • Who funds JAMAICA PLAIN NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ↗
  • Who funds REFUGEE & IMMIGRANT ASSISTANCE CENTER ↗
  • Who funds SOMALI DEVELOPMENT CENTER INC ↗

Co-funders

Grantmakers whose grantees overlap with this funder’s far more than size alone predicts. Closer means stronger alignment; arcs show where they also fund each other. Here they form a tightly interlocked group: most of these funders back each other's grantees too.

Boston Foundation IncEastern Bank Foundati…United Way Of Massach…Liberty Mutual Founda…Cummings Foundation G…Boston Charitable Tru…Combined Jewish Phila…Barr FoundationThe Fish Family Found…The Cabot Family Char…First Literacy IncThe Hyams Foundation …
Boston Foundation IncMA36× affinity18 shared granteesties to 11 of 11Hover any node to trace its alignments.Compare side by side →

Open a dossier: Boston Foundation Inc · Eastern Bank Foundation · United Way Of Massachusetts Bay Inc · Liberty Mutual Foundation Inc · Cummings Foundation Grants Inc (Fka Oneworld Boston Inc) · Boston Charitable Trust Fund City of Boston Trust Office · Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston Inc · Barr Foundation · The Fish Family Foundation · The Cabot Family Charitable Trust · First Literacy Inc · The Hyams Foundation Inc

How this is measured
Affinity is a Gamma-Poisson posterior co-funding rate, re-centered on the typical rate, so thin evidence shrinks toward no signal. Overlap is association, not proof of shared intent.

How much its grantees rely on government

Each dot is one organization English for New Bostonians Inc funds: left to right is the share of its income from government, bottom to top the share from English for New Bostonians Inc. Bigger dots raise more.

2024
’20’21’22’23’24’25
no gov · 70%6%23%51%90%funder's share of their income ↑0%15%30%45%60%share of the org’s income from government →median 19%
  • Jewish Vocational Service Inc: 39% of income from government
  • Boston Chinatown Neighborhood Center Inc: 38% of income from government
  • Asian Task Force Against Domestic Violence Inc: 32% of income from government
  • Uncornered Inc: 24% of income from government
  • International Institute of New England Inc: 24% of income from government
  • Asian American Civic Association Inc: 19% of income from government
  • Maverick Landing Community Services Inc: 15% of income from government
  • Action for Boston Community Development Inc: 11% of income from government
  • South Boston En Accion Inc: 10% of income from government
  • Jamaica Plain Neighborhood Development Corporation: 9% of income from government
  • Refugee & Immigrant Assistance Center: 8% of income from government
  • Brazilian Worker Center Inc: 6% of income from government
no gov moneyreceives it· size = income
7get no government money at all
10report government grants on their 990 we could not trace to a source (not plotted)
0rely on government for over half their income
⤢ axis zoomed · 0–60%
typical government reliance, FY20–25
How this is measured
Government income is each org’s traced federal awards (USASpending grants and contracts) plus state payments (open checkbooks) as a share of its total revenue (IRS Form 990); the self-reported government-grant line (990 line 1e) is carried for cross-check: a grantee that reports government grants we could not trace to a source is left off the chart rather than shown as receiving none. An association, not a claim that a grant caused the public funding. Coverage is precision-first, a floor rather than a census; state records exist for 9 states, so a grantee outside them shows no state figure (dimmed) rather than a false zero. Federal award amounts are obligations, which can span years, so a single-year share is indicative. 990 filings lag 12 to 24 months.

On method. Every financial figure here is read from IRS e-file XML, the funder’s own 990/990-PF, and from the multi-year returns of the 42 grantees we resolved, each linked to its source. Grantee outcomes are each organization’s own program-service reporting (Form 990, Part III), read as association with funding, never as caused by it. Low-confidence name matches are suppressed rather than guessed. How we build these →

How this is measured
Each figure carries one of six labels. Filed is what the funder reported on its return. Official is another government record about an organization, such as a federal award or a charity register, joined by name where no shared identifier exists. Resolved is an identity we worked out where the filing named a recipient without an EIN, kept only above a measured confidence threshold. Computed is arithmetic over those, like themes, portfolio clusters and co-funder strength. Context is a statistic about a place rather than about an organization, which is what the need overlay is: it describes the area a grantee’s address sits in, not where its work lands. Inferred is drawn by a model from text, like the partnerships read out of public news and organization websites. Each is labeled where it appears.

Generated from the IRS Form 990 e-file return for fiscal year 2025, released 2025. Filings run roughly 12 to 24 months behind; figures are dated accordingly.

Source object · view filing

Play a game based on English for New Bostonians’ filings →

More from the funding graph

The unnamed billions
grants reported with no recipient in the public record
The regranting layer
51% of grant dollars land in the regranting layer
The DAF merry-go-round
$9.7B circulates between donor-advised funds
The endowment market
who holds foundation money, and what just moved
The camps
funders cluster by geography, not ideology
By state
where grant money is based, and what stays home